如何使用PXE自动安装Linux

最近公司里要搞自动安装,我就研究了pxe,也从网上参考了不少资料,这里做了一些简单的整理,文字表达功底比较有限,大家别拍砖啊,呵呵

准备:
1,在VMware中安装了一个CentOS63(CentOS6.4系统,IP : 192.168.202.131)
2,在VMware中创建了一个CentOS65(空机器,未装操作系统)
3,CentOS镜像文件挂载在CentOS63的/media/CentOS_6.4_Final位置


操作步骤:


一,配置DHCP


1,安装dhcpd
  yum install dhcp
 
2,修改dhcp配置文件/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
ddns-update-style interim;
ignore client-updates;
allow booting;
allow bootp;
subnet 192.168.202.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
    range 192.168.202.200 192.168.202.220;
    option routers 192.168.202.131;
    option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
    default-lease-time 21600;
    max-lease-time 43200;
    next-server 192.168.202.131;
    filename "pxelinux.0";
}
 
3,启动dhcpd
  chkconfig --add dhcpd
  service dhcpd start
 
  使用命令可以看到dhcpd绑定了多个端口
[root@localhost init.d]# netstat -anp | grep dhcpd
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67                  0.0.0.0:*                              3266/dhcpd         
raw        0      0 0.0.0.0:1                  0.0.0.0:*                  7          3266/dhcpd         
unix  2      [ ]        DGRAM                    18034  3266/dhcpd   
  注意:第2行raw表示绑定在ICMP协议上,协议号为1
 
二,配置TFTP 
 
4,安装TFTP
  yum install tftp-server
     
5,修改tftpd配置文件/etc/xinetd.d/tftp,ftp根目录为/var/lib/tftpboot
service tftp
{
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
disable = no
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}


6,启动tftp服务(端口69)
  /etc/init.d/xinetd restart


三,配置引导内核


7,下载pxe引导配置文件
  yum install syslinux
  cp `rpm -ql syslinux | grep '/pxelinux.0'` /var/lib/tftpboot


8,拷贝网络启动的内核文件
  cp /media/CentOS_6.4_Final/images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot
  mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
  cp /media/CentOS_6.4_Final/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
 
  修改default文件:
 
default linux
prompt 1
timeout 60


display boot.msg


menu background splash.jpg
menu title Welcome to CentOS 6.4!
menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffff
menu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000


label linux
  menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system
  menu default
  kernel vmlinuz
  append ks=http://192.168.202.131/ks.cfg initrd=initrd.img

 


四,配置kickstart
 
9,安装nginx,根目录/usr/local/nginx/html
  yum install nginx
  chkconfig --add nginx
  service nginx start
 
10,拷贝操作系统源文件
  mkdir /usr/local/nginx/html/dvd
  cp -R /media/CentOS_6.4_Final/* /usr/local/nginx/html/dvd/
 
11,下载kickstart
  yum install system-config-kickstart
  cp /root/anaconda-ks.cfg /usr/local/nginx/html/ks.cfg
  chmod 755 /usr/local/nginx/html/ks.cfg  (不分配权限,外部无法通过http访问,会报403)
 
  修改ks.cfg:
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL 


# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled 


# Install OS instead of upgrade 
install 


# Use text install
text


# Use network installation 
url --url="http://192.168.202.131/dvd"


# Root password 
rootpw --iscrypted $1$.IvWB.Gl$E4fI4Ez4Z8HyHRCZW5Btr0


# System authorization information 
auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512


# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --reconfig


# System keyboard
keyboard us


# System language
lang zh_CN.UTF-8


# SELinux configuration
selinux --enforcing


# Installation logging level
logging --level=info 


# System timezone
timezone  Asia/Shanghai


# Network information 
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=yes


# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr


# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr 


# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all 


# Disk partitioning information
part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=200
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=1000
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=1   


# Reboot after installation
reboot


%packages
@base 
@core
gcc
%end
 
   
五,验证 


12,修改CentOS65虚拟配置文件CentOS65.vmx,增加一行bios.bootDelay= "10000",即表示在启动bios的时候停留10秒(否则你根本来不及按任何键的)
    给CentOS65加电(打开Power),按Esc选择从Network启动

Good luck!!!!

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