02.手动安装NVIDIA GPU驱动--Linux
1、 设备环境
1.1 软件环境：
(1) 执行命令：cat /etc/redhat-release 查看CentOS版本
CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)
（2）执行命令：cat /proc/version 查看内核版本
内核：4.8.5 （后面会用到）
2、 配置环境
2.1 方法及步骤：
（1）安装对应版本内核源码包、gcc编译器
执行命令：
#sudo yum install -y gcc (或者：sudo yum install -y gcc-c++ 或者 yum install http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/updates/x86_64/Packages/gcc-4.8.5-36.el7_6.2.x86_64.rpm [版本要按照内核的版本] )
# sudo yum install -y kernel
# sudo yum install -y kernel-devel
# sudo yum install -y kernel-header
查看相应版本，确认已经完成下载并安装gcc,kernel, kernel-devel和kernel-header包
查看相应版本执行命令：
#rpm -qa|grep gcc
#rpm -qa|grep kernel
从上面看到kernel 有两个版本，卸载一个，并确保kernel与kernel-devel和kernel-header包的版本号一致
卸载执行命令：
#rpm -e --nodeps kernel-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 （ 不检查依赖关系直接删除）
查看确认卸载成功内核版本，执行命令：
#rpm -qa|grep kernel
（2）查看nouveau是否被禁用
执行命令：lsmod | grep nouveau
有输出说明没有被禁用。
（3）禁用系统nouveau
执行命令：
#su
#echo -e "blacklist nouveau\noptions nouveau modeset=0" > /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
（4）重启系统
（5）验证nouveau是否被禁用
执行命令： lsmod | grep nouveau
没有输出说明禁用成功，如果有输出说明禁用失败。
（6）下载NVIDIA显卡驱动
到英伟达官网（https://www.nvidia.cn/Download/index.aspx?lang=cn）选择显卡和系统版本进行驱动下载
点击搜索
点击DOWNLOAD
右键【AGREE&DOWNLOAD】,菜单里复制链接地址。此处为：http://us.download.nvidia.com/tesla/418.67/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-418.67.run
执行命令：wget http://us.download.nvidia.com/tesla/418.67/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-418.67.run 对驱动进行下载y
（7）安装NVIDIA显卡驱动
Ctrl+alt+f2然后切换到运行级别3
执行命令：
# init 3
# chmod +x NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-384.59.run
# sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-418.67.run -no-x-check -no-nouveau-check -no-opengl-files
点击 ok
点击 yes
点击ok ,显卡驱动安装成功。
（8）验证安装NVIDIA显卡驱动是否成功
执行命令：nvidia-smi ,如果输出下图，说明安装成功。
3、 问题处理
错误1：
ERROR: The Nouveau kernel driver is currently in use by your system. This driver is incompatible with the NVIDIA driver, and must be disabled before proceeding.
Please consult the NVIDIA driver README and your Linux distribution's documentation for details on how to correctly disable the Nouveau kernel driver.
解释：如果没有执行屏蔽nouveau操作，报以上错误。
错误2：
unable to find the development too 'cc' in you path; please make sure that you have the package 'gcc
解决办法：
yum install gcc
错误3：
ERROR: Unable to find the kernel source tree for the currently running kernel. Please make sure you have installed the kernel source files for your kernel
and that they are properly configured; on Red Hat Linux systems, for example, be sure you have the 'kernel-source' or 'kernel-devel' RPM installed.
If you know the correct kernel source files are installed, you may specify the kernel source path with the '--kernel-source-path' command line option.
解决办法：
yum install kernel-delve
错误4：
ERROR: Unable to find the kernel source tree for the currently running kernel. Please make sure you have installed the kernel source files for your kernel
and that they are properly configured; on Red Hat Linux systems, for example, be sure you have the 'kernel-source' or 'kernel-devel' RPM installed.
If you know the correct kernel source files are installed, you may specify the kernel source path with the '--kernel-source-path' command line option.
解决方法：
./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-390.67.run --kernel-source-path=/usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-862.3.2.el7.x86_64/
错误5：
ERROR: Unable to load the kernel module 'nvidia.ko'. This happens most frequently when this kernel module was built against the wrong
or improperly configured kernel sources, with a version of gcc that differs from the one used to build the target kernel,
or if another driver, such as nouveau, is present and prevents the NVIDIA kernel module from obtaining ownership of the NVIDIA GPU(s),
or no NVIDIA GPU installed in this system is supported by this NVIDIA Linux graphics driver release.
Please see the log entries 'Kernel module load error' and 'Kernel messages' at the end of the file '/var/log/nvidia-installer.log' for more information.
解决办法：
- 可以通过以下方式查看内核版本和源码包版本：
ls /boot | grep vmlinuz
- 如果上面的命令输出中有多个内核，则按grub.conf中指定的文件为准。
rpm -aq | grep kernel-devel kernel-devel-2.6.35.13-92.fc14.i686
- 从上面的输出中可以看出内核版本号和内核源码版本。为了解决这个错误，需要从FC官方网站上下载与内核版本对应的源码包进行安装。
可以在以下网站下载并安装：
http://rpmfind.net/linux/rpm2html/search.php?query=kernel-devel
备注：执行更新内核操作好需要重新执行屏蔽nouveau，及重建initramfs image步骤。
警告：
WARNING: nvidia-installer was forced to guess the X library path '/usr/lib64' and X module path '/usr/lib64/xorg/modules';
these paths were not queryable from the system. If X fails to find the NVIDIA X driver module, please install the `pkg-config` utility
and the X.Org SDK/development package for your distribution and reinstall the driver.
字符模式安装警告信息，可忽略。
参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/2012blog/p/9431432.html