CentOS中Python pip包管理工具的安装和使用

Python有很多第三方的模块或包，要管理这些包，有很多方法。python的pip包管理工具，类似与CentOS中yum，使用该工具安装Python包非常方便。

从Python内部来说，pip 是一个安装和管理 Python 包的工具 , 是 easy_install 的一个替换品。

distribute是setuptools的取代(Setuptools包后期不再维护了)，pip是easy_install的取代。

pip的安装前需要setuptools 或者 distribute，如果你使用的是Python3.x那么就只能使用distribute因为Python3.x不支持setuptools。

我的CentOS环境是Python 2.6，所以在之前已经按照好了setuptools，安装下面的步骤安装pip包管理工具。

1.pip工具的下载安装

pip下载命令为：

# cd /usr/local/src --路径可以根据情况修改

# wget "https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.5.4.tar.gz#md5=834b2904f92d46aaa333267fb1c922bb" --no-check-certificate

pip 安装命令为：

# tar -xzvf pip-1.5.4.tar.gz

# cd pip-1.5.4
# python setup.py install
 

2.pip工具使用方法

pip安装一个包

# pip install SomePackage
  [...]
  Successfully installed SomePackage

pip列出已经安装的包
# pip list

pip查看已经安装的包
# pip show --files SomePackage
  Name: SomePackage
  Version: 1.0
  Location: /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages
  Files:
  ../somepackage/__init__.py
  [...]

pip检查哪些包需要更新
# pip list --outdated
  SomePackage (Current: 1.0 Latest: 2.0)

pip升级包
 # pip install --upgrade SomePackage
  [...]
  Found existing installation: SomePackage 1.0
  Uninstalling SomePackage:
    Successfully uninstalled SomePackage
  Running setup.py install for SomePackage
  Successfully installed SomePackage

pip卸载包
$ pip uninstall SomePackage
  Uninstalling SomePackage:
    /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages/somepackage
  Proceed (y/n)? y
  Successfully uninstalled SomePackage
 

3.pip命令参数解释

# pip --help

Usage:
  pip <command> [options]

Commands:
  install 安装包.
  uninstall 卸载包.
  freeze 按着一定格式输出已安装包列表
  list 列出已安装包.
  show 显示包详细信息.
  search 搜索包，类似yum里的search.
  wheel Build wheels from your requirements.
  zip 不推荐. Zip individual packages.
  unzip 不推荐. Unzip individual packages.
  bundle 不推荐. Create pybundles.
  help 当前帮助.

General Options:
  -h, --help 显示帮助.
  -v, --verbose 更多的输出，最多可以使用3次
  -V, --version 现实版本信息然后退出.
  -q, --quiet 最少的输出.
  --log-file <path> 覆盖的方式记录verbose错误日志，默认文件：/root/.pip/pip.log
  --log <path> 不覆盖记录verbose输出的日志.
  --proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  --timeout <sec> 连接超时时间 (默认15秒).
  --exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup.
  --cert <path> 证书.
 

4.pip管理包实际执行过程：

#使用pip 安装Python操作Excel的模块 XlsxWriter

# pip install XlsxWriter
Downloading/unpacking XlsxWriter
  Downloading XlsxWriter-0.7.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (132kB): 132kB downloaded
Installing collected packages: XlsxWriter
Successfully installed XlsxWriter
Cleaning up...
[root@centos01 pip-1.5.4]#
[root@centos01 pip-1.5.4]# pip list
Beaker (1.3.1)
cas (0.15)
decorator (3.0.1)
distribute (0.6.10)
ethtool (0.6)
firstboot (1.110)
FormEncode (1.3.0)
freeipa (2.0.0.alpha.0)
iniparse (0.3.1)
iotop (0.3.2)
ipapython (3.0.0)
iwlib (1.0)
kerberos (1.0)
lxml (2.2.3)
Mako (0.3.4)
MarkupSafe (0.9.2)
matplotlib (0.99.1.1)
netaddr (0.7.5)
nose (0.10.4)
numpy (1.4.1)
ordereddict (1.2)
paramiko (1.7.5)
pip (1.5.4)
psutil (2.0.0)
pycrypto (2.0.1)
pycurl (7.19.0)
PyDispatcher (2.0.5)
pygpgme (0.1)
pyOpenSSL (0.10)
python-dateutil (1.4.1)
python-default-encoding (0.1)
python-ldap (2.3.10)
python-meh (0.11)
python-nss (0.13)
pytz (2010h)
pyxdg (0.18)
scdate (1.9.60)
sckdump (2.0.5)
scservices (0.99.45)
scservices.dbus (0.99.45)
setuptools (18.2)
slip (0.2.20)
slip.dbus (0.2.20)
slip.gtk (0.2.20)
Warning: cannot find svn location for SQLObject==3.0.0a1dev-20150327
SQLObject (3.0.0a1dev-20150327)
SSSDConfig (1.9.2)
urlgrabber (3.9.1)
XlsxWriter (0.7.3)
yum-metadata-parser (1.1.2)
#

#使用pip 显示Python操作Excel的模块 XlsxWriter
# pip show --files XlsxWriter
---
Name: XlsxWriter
Version: 0.7.3
Location: /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages
Requires:
Files:
Cannot locate installed-files.txt
#

#使用pip 显示已经安装的Python的包
# pip list
Beaker (1.3.1)
cas (0.15)
decorator (3.0.1)
distribute (0.6.10)
ethtool (0.6)
firstboot (1.110)
FormEncode (1.3.0)
freeipa (2.0.0.alpha.0)
iniparse (0.3.1)
iotop (0.3.2)
ipapython (3.0.0)
iwlib (1.0)
kerberos (1.0)
lxml (2.2.3)
Mako (0.3.4)
MarkupSafe (0.9.2)
matplotlib (0.99.1.1)
netaddr (0.7.5)
nose (0.10.4)
numpy (1.4.1)
ordereddict (1.2)
paramiko (1.7.5)
pip (1.5.4)
psutil (2.0.0)
pycrypto (2.0.1)
pycurl (7.19.0)
PyDispatcher (2.0.5)
pygpgme (0.1)
pyOpenSSL (0.10)
python-dateutil (1.4.1)
python-default-encoding (0.1)
python-ldap (2.3.10)
python-meh (0.11)
python-nss (0.13)
pytz (2010h)
pyxdg (0.18)
scdate (1.9.60)
sckdump (2.0.5)
scservices (0.99.45)
scservices.dbus (0.99.45)
setuptools (18.2)
slip (0.2.20)
slip.dbus (0.2.20)
slip.gtk (0.2.20)
Warning: cannot find svn location for SQLObject==3.0.0a1dev-20150327
SQLObject (3.0.0a1dev-20150327)
SSSDConfig (1.9.2)
urlgrabber (3.9.1)
yum-metadata-parser (1.1.2)
[root@centos01 pip-1.5.4]

#使用pip 显示需要更新的包
# pip list --outdated
Warning: cannot find svn location for SQLObject==3.0.0a1dev-20150327
psutil (Current: 2.0.0 Latest: 3.1.1)
pip (Current: 1.5.4 Latest: 7.1.2)
matplotlib (Current: 0.99.1.1 Latest: 1.4.3)
iwlib (Current: 1.0 Latest: 1.5)
pycrypto (Current: 2.0.1 Latest: 2.6.1)
pyOpenSSL (Current: 0.10 Latest: 0.15.1)
Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement python-default-encoding
Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external python-default-encoding to allow).
python-nss (Current: 0.13 Latest: 0.16.0)
MarkupSafe (Current: 0.9.2 Latest: 0.23)
lxml (Current: 2.2.3 Latest: 3.4.4)
pygpgme (Current: 0.1 Latest: 0.3)
pycurl (Current: 7.19.0 Latest: 7.19.5.1)
Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement ethtool
Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external ethtool to allow).
numpy (Current: 1.4.1 Latest: 1.9.2)
kerberos (Current: 1.0 Latest: 1.2.2)
Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement yum-metadata-parser
Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external yum-metadata-parser to allow).
python-ldap (Current: 2.3.10 Latest: 2.4.20)
Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement sckdump
Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external sckdump to allow).
Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement ipapython
Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external ipapython to allow).
Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement slip.gtk
Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external slip.gtk to allow).
Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement firstboot
Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external firstboot to allow).
Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement scdate
Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external scdate to allow).
Mako (Current: 0.3.4 Latest: 1.0.2)
Beaker (Current: 1.3.1 Latest: 1.7.0)
cas (Current: 0.15 Latest: 1.22)
distribute (Current: 0.6.10 Latest: 0.7.3)
Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement scservices.dbus
Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external scservices.dbus to allow).
python-dateutil (Current: 1.4.1 Latest: 2.4.2)
Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement sssdconfig
Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external sssdconfig to allow).
decorator (Current: 3.0.1 Latest: 4.0.2)
nose (Current: 0.10.4 Latest: 1.3.7)
Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement freeipa
Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external freeipa to allow).
iniparse (Current: 0.3.1 Latest: 0.4)
Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement slip.dbus
Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external slip.dbus to allow).
netaddr (Current: 0.7.5 Latest: 0.7.15)
paramiko (Current: 1.7.5 Latest: 1.15.2)
Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement python-meh
Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external python-meh to allow).
pytz (Current: 2010h Latest: 2015.4)
Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement scservices
Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external scservices to allow).
Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement iotop
Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external iotop to allow).
pyxdg (Current: 0.18 Latest: 0.25)
#

#使用pip 升级psutil模块
# pip install --upgrade psutil
Downloading/unpacking psutil from https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/psutil/psutil-3.1.1.tar.gz#md5=b34360627efb429cb18a4a3143b18c8c
  Downloading psutil-3.1.1.tar.gz (247kB): 247kB downloaded
  Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/psutil/setup.py) egg_info for package psutil
    /tmp/pip_build_root/psutil/setup.py:12: DeprecationWarning: Parameters to load are deprecated. Call .resolve and .require separately.
      import os
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'docs/_build'
    warning: manifest_maker: MANIFEST.in, line 18: 'recursive-include' expects <dir> <pattern1> <pattern2> ...
Installing collected packages: psutil
  Found existing installation: psutil 2.0.0
    Uninstalling psutil:
      Successfully uninstalled psutil
  Running setup.py install for psutil
    building 'psutil._psutil_linux' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -DPSUTIL_VERSION=311 -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c psutil/_psutil_linux.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_linux.o
    psutil/_psutil_linux.c: In function ‘psutil_proc_cpu_affinity_set’:
    psutil/_psutil_linux.c:420: warning: suggest explicit braces to avoid ambiguous ‘else’
    gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_linux.o -L/usr/lib64 -lpython2.6 -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_linux.so
    building 'psutil._psutil_posix' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c psutil/_psutil_posix.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_posix.o
    gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_posix.o -L/usr/lib64 -lpython2.6 -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_posix.so
    warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'docs/_build'
    warning: manifest_maker: MANIFEST.in, line 18: 'recursive-include' expects <dir> <pattern1> <pattern2> ...
Successfully installed psutil
Cleaning up...

#使用pip 卸载Python操作Excel的模块 XlsxWriter
[root@centos01 pip-1.5.4]# pip uninstall XlsxWriter
Uninstalling XlsxWriter:
  /usr/bin/vba_extract.py
  /usr/bin/vba_extract.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/DESCRIPTION.rst
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/METADATA
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/RECORD
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/WHEEL
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/metadata.json
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/top_level.txt
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/__init__.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/__init__.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/app.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/app.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_area.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_area.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_bar.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_bar.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_column.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_column.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_doughnut.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_doughnut.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_line.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_line.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_pie.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_pie.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_radar.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_radar.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_scatter.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_scatter.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_stock.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_stock.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chartsheet.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chartsheet.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/comments.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/comments.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/compat_collections.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/compat_collections.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/compatibility.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/compatibility.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/contenttypes.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/contenttypes.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/core.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/core.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/drawing.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/drawing.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/format.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/format.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/packager.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/packager.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/relationships.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/relationships.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/shape.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/shape.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/sharedstrings.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/sharedstrings.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/styles.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/styles.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/table.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/table.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/theme.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/theme.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/utility.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/utility.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/vml.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/vml.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/workbook.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/workbook.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/worksheet.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/worksheet.pyc
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/xmlwriter.py
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/xmlwriter.pyc
Proceed (y/n)? y
  Successfully uninstalled XlsxWriter