基础教程:Linux 新手应该知道的 26 个命令

当你进入了 Linux 的世界,在下载、安装 了某个 Linux 发行版,体验了 Linux 桌面并安装了一些你喜爱和需要的软件之后,应该去了解下 Linux 真正的魅力所在:命令行。每一个 Linux 命令其实就是一个程序,借助这些命令,我们可以办到非常多的事情。下面将会为大家介绍一下几个常用的命令。 

基础教程:Linux 新手应该知道的 26 个命令

 

如何寻求帮助?

在 Linux 下遇到问题,最重要的是要自己寻求帮助,下面是三种寻求帮助的方法。 

 

man

man 是 Linux 的帮助手册,即 manual 。因为大多数程序都会自带手册,所以可以通过 man 命令获取帮助。执行以后,在 man page 页面中按 q 退出。

获取 ls 的帮助

  1. <span class="pln">$ man ls</span>

查看有多少(针对不同方面的)同名的手册

  1. <span class="pln">$ man </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">f ls</span>
  2. <span class="pln">ls </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> list directory contents</span>
  3. <span class="pln">ls </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">1p</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln"> list directory contents</span>

查看特定的手册

  1. <span class="pln">$ man </span><span class="lit">1p</span><span class="pln"> ls</span>

 

info

与 man 不同的是,可以像浏览网页一样在各个节点中跳转。

从文档首页开始浏览

  1. <span class="pln">$ info</span>

获取特定程序的帮助

  1. <span class="pln">$ info program</span>

 

help

除了上面的两种方法外,还有一种简单使用的方法,那就是 --help 参数,一般程序都会有这个参数,会输出最简单有用的介绍。

  1. <span class="pln">$ man </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">help </span><span class="com">### 获取 man 的帮助</span>
  2. <span class="pln">$ info </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">help </span><span class="com">### 获取 info 的帮助</span>
  3. <span class="pln">$ ls </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">help </span><span class="com">### 获取 ls 的帮助</span>

 

如何简单操作?

在 Terminal(终端) 中,有许多操作技巧,这里就介绍几个简单的。 

 

光标

  • up(方向键上) 可以调出输入历史执行记录,快速执行命令
  • down(方向键下) 配合 up 选择历史执行记录
  • Home 移动光标到本行开头
  • End 移动光标到本行结尾
  • PgUp 向上翻页
  • PaDN 向下翻页
  • ctrl + c 终止当前程序

 

Tab 补全

Tab 补全是非常有用的一个功能,可以用来自动补全命令或文件名,省时准确。

  • 未输入状态下连按两次 Tab 列出所有可用命令
  • 已输入部分命令名或文件名,按 Tab 进行自动补全,多用你就肯定会喜欢的了。

常用命令 

以下命令按照通常的使用频度排列。

 

cd

cd 是打开某个路径的命令,也就是打开某个文件夹,并跳转到该处。

  1. <span class="pln">$ cd path </span><span class="com">### path 为你要打开的路径。</span>

其中 path 有绝对路径和相对路径之分,绝对路径强调从 / 起,一直到所在路径。相对路径则相对于当前路径来说,假设当前家目录有etc 文件夹(绝对路径应为 /home/username/etc),如果直接 cd etc 则进入此文件夹,但若是 cd /etc/ 则是进入系统 etc ,多琢磨一下就可以理解了。另外在 Linux 中, . 代表当前目录, .. 代表上级目录,因此返回上级目录可以 cd .. 。

 

ls

ls 即 list ,列出文件。

  1. <span class="pln">$ ls </span><span class="com">### 仅列出当前目录可见文件</span>
  2. <span class="pln">$ ls </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">l </span><span class="com">### 列出当前目录可见文件详细信息</span>
  3. <span class="pln">$ ls </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">hl </span><span class="com">### 列出详细信息并以可读大小显示文件大小</span>
  4. <span class="pln">$ ls </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">al </span><span class="com">### 列出所有文件(包括隐藏)的详细信息</span>

注意: Linux 中 以 . 开头的文件或文件夹均为隐藏文件或隐藏文件夹。

 

pwd

pwd 用于返回当前工作目录的名字,为绝对路径名。

  1. <span class="pln">$ pwd</span>
  2. <span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">home</span> 

 

mkdir

mkdir 用于新建文件夹。

  1. <span class="pln">$ mkdir folder</span>
  2. <span class="pln">$ mkdir </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">p folder</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">subfolder </span><span class="com">### -p 参数为当父目录存在时忽略,若不存在则建立,用此参数可建立多级文件夹</span>

 

rm

rm 即 remove ,删除文件。

  1. <span class="pln">$ rm filename </span><span class="com">### 删除 filename</span>
  2. <span class="pln">$ rm </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">i filename </span><span class="com">### 删除 filename 前提示,若多个文件则每次提示</span>
  3. <span class="pln">$ rm </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">rf folder</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">subfolder</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="com">### 递归删除 subfolder 下所有文件及文件夹,包括 subfolder 自身</span>
  4. <span class="pln">$ rm </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">d folder </span><span class="com">### 删除空文件夹</span>

 

cp

cp 即 copy ,复制文件。

  1. <span class="pln">$ cp source dest </span><span class="com">### 将 source 复制到 dest</span>
  2. <span class="pln">$ cp folder</span><span class="com">/* dest ### 将 folder 下所有文件(不含子文件夹中的文件)复制到 dest</span>
  3. <span class="com">$ cp -r folder dest ### 将 folder 下所有文件(包含子文件夹中的所有文件)复制到 dest</span>

 

mv

mv 即 move ,移动文件。

  1. <span class="pln">$ mv source folder </span><span class="com">### 将 source 移动到 folder 下,完成后则为 folder/source</span>
  2. <span class="pln">$ mv </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">i source folder </span><span class="com">### 在移动时,若文件已存在则提示 **是否覆盖** </span>
  3. <span class="pln">$ mv source dest </span><span class="com">### 在 dest 不为目录的前提下,重命名 source 为 dest</span>

 

cat

cat 用于输出文件内容到 Terminal 。

  1. <span class="pln">$ cat </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">locale</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gen </span><span class="com">### 输出 locale.gen 的内容 </span>
  2. <span class="pln">$ cat </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">n </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">locale</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gen </span><span class="com">### 输出 locale.gen 的内容并显示行号</span>

 

more

more 与 cat 相似,都可以查看文件内容,所不同的是,当一个文档太长时, cat 只能展示最后布满屏幕的内容,前面的内容是不可见的。这时候可用 more 逐行显示内容。

  1. <span class="pln">$ more </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">locale</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gen</span>
  2. <span class="pln">$ more </span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="lit">100</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">locale</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gen </span><span class="com">### 从 100 行开始显示</span>

 

less

less 与 more 相似,不过 less 支持上下滚动查看内容,而 more 只支持逐行显示。

  1. <span class="pln">$ less </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">locale</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gen</span>
  2. <span class="pln">$ less </span><span class="pun">+</span><span class="lit">100</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">locale</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gen</span>

 

nano

nano 是一个简单实用的文本编辑器,使用简单。

  1. <span class="pln">$ nano filename </span><span class="com">### 编辑 filename 文件,若文件不存在,则新打开一个文件,若退出时保存,则创建该文件</span>

编辑完后,ctrl + X 提示是否保存,按 y 确定保存即可。

注意:在使用过程中可用 ctrl + G 获取帮助。

 

reboot

reboot 为重启命令。

  1. <span class="com"># reboot ### '$' 和 '#' 的区别在于 '$' 普通用户即可执行</span><br><span class="com">### 而 '#' 为 root 用户才可执行,或普通用户使用 'sudo'</span>

 

poweroff

poweroff 为关机命令。

  1. <span class="com"># poweroff ### 马上关机</span> 

 

ping

ping 主要用于测试网络连通,通过对目标机器发送数据包来测试两台主机是否连通,及延时情况。

  1. <span class="pln">$ ping locez</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">com </span><span class="com">### 通过域名 ping,若 DNS 未设置好,可能无法 ping 通</span>
  2. <span class="pln">$ ping linux</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">cn</span>
  3. <span class="pln">PING linux</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">cn </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">211.157</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">2.94</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="lit">56</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">84</span><span class="pun">)</span><span class="pln"> bytes of data</span><span class="pun">.</span>
  4. <span class="lit">64</span><span class="pln"> bytes </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="lit">211.157</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">2.94</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="kwd">static</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="kwd">in</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">addr</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">arpa </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">211.157</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">2.94</span><span class="pun">):</span><span class="pln"> icmp_seq</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln"> ttl</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">53</span><span class="pln"> time</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">41.5</span><span class="pln"> ms</span>
  5. <span class="lit">64</span><span class="pln"> bytes </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="lit">211.157</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">2.94</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="kwd">static</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="kwd">in</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">addr</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">arpa </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">211.157</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">2.94</span><span class="pun">):</span><span class="pln"> icmp_seq</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">2</span><span class="pln"> ttl</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">53</span><span class="pln"> time</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">40.4</span><span class="pln"> ms</span>
  6. <span class="lit">64</span><span class="pln"> bytes </span><span class="kwd">from</span><span class="lit">211.157</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">2.94</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="kwd">static</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="kwd">in</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">addr</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">arpa </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">211.157</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">2.94</span><span class="pun">):</span><span class="pln"> icmp_seq</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">3</span><span class="pln"> ttl</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">53</span><span class="pln"> time</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">41.9</span><span class="pln"> ms</span>
  7. <span class="pun">^</span><span class="pln">C</span>
  8. <span class="pun">---</span><span class="pln"> linux</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">cn ping statistics </span><span class="pun">---</span>
  9. <span class="lit">3</span><span class="pln"> packets transmitted</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="lit">3</span><span class="pln"> received</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="lit">0</span><span class="pun">%</span><span class="pln"> packet loss</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> time </span><span class="lit">2002ms</span>
  10. <span class="pln">rtt min</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">avg</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">max</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">mdev </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">40.406</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="lit">41.287</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="lit">41.931</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="lit">0.644</span><span class="pln"> ms</span>
  11. <span class="pln">$ ping </span><span class="lit">211.157</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">2.94</span><span class="com">### 通过 IP 地址 ping ,若无法 ping 通可能是网络连接出现问题</span>

 

grep

grep 主要用于返回匹配的项目,支持正则表达式。

  1. <span class="pln">$ grep PATTERN filename </span><span class="com">### 返回所有含有 PATTERN 的行</span>
  2. <span class="pln">$ grep zh_CN </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">locale</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gen </span><span class="com">### 返回所有含 zh_CN 的行</span>

 

mount

mount 用于挂载一个文件系统,需要 root 用户执行。一个磁盘可分为若干个分区,在分区上面可以创建文件系统,而挂载点则是提供一个访问的入口,将一个分区的文件系统挂载到某个目录中,称这个目录为挂载点,并且可以通过这个挂载点访问该文件系统中的内容。

例如一块硬盘在 Linux 中表示为 /dev/sda 那么它上面的分区应该表示为 /dev/sda1 、/dev/sda2 。

  1. <span class="com"># mount ### 输出系统目前的挂载信息</span>
  2. <span class="com"># mount /dev/sda1 /mnt ### 将 sda1 挂载到 /mnt 中</span>
  3. <span class="com"># cd /mnt ### 直接通过 /mnt 访问内容</span>
  4. <span class="com"># mount -o remount,rw /mnt ### 重新挂载 sda1 到 /mnt 并设置为 可读写 </span>
  5. <span class="com"># mount -a ### 挂载 fstab 文件配置好的文件系统</span>

 

umount

umount 与 moung 相反,是卸载一个挂载点,即取消该入口。

  1. <span class="com"># umount /mnt ### 卸载 /mnt 这个挂载点的文件系统</span>
  2. <span class="com"># umount -a ### 卸载所有已挂载的文件系统</span> 

 

tar

tar 主要用于创建归档文件,和解压归档文件,其本身是没有压缩功能的,但可以调用 gzip 、 bzip2 进行压缩处理。
参数解释:

  • -c 创建归档
  • -x 解压归档
  • -v 显示处理过程
  • -f 目标文件,其后必须紧跟 目标文件
  • -j 调用 bzip2 进行解压缩
  • -z 调用 gzip 进行解压缩
  • -t 列出归档中的文件
  1. <span class="pln">$ tar </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">cvf filename</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">tar </span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="com">### 将当前目录所有文件归档,但不压缩,注意后面有个 ’.‘ ,不可省略,代表当前目录的意思 </span>
  2. <span class="pln">$ tar </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">xvf filename</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">tar </span><span class="com">### 解压 filename.tar 到当前文件夹</span>
  3. <span class="pln">$ tar </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">cvjf filename</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">tar</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">bz2 </span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="com">### 使用 bzip2 压缩</span>
  4. <span class="pln">$ tar </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">xvjf filename</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">tar</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">bz2 </span><span class="com">### 解压 filename.tar.bz2 到当前文件夹</span>
  5. <span class="pln">$ tar </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">cvzf filename</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">tar</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gz </span><span class="com">### 使用 gzip 压缩</span>
  6. <span class="pln">$ tar </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">xvzf filename</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">tar</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gz </span><span class="com">### 解压 filename.tar.gz 到当前文件夹</span>
  7. <span class="pln">$ tar </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">tf filename </span><span class="com">### 只查看 filename 归档中的文件,不解压</span>

 

ln

ln 主要用于在两个文件中创建链接,链接又分为 Hard Links (硬链接)和 Symbolic Links (符号链接或软链接),其中默认为创建硬链接,使用 -s 参数指定创建软链接。

  • 硬链接主要是增加一个文件的链接数,只要该文件的链接数不为 0 ,该文件就不会被物理删除,所以删除一个具有多个硬链接数的文件,必须删除所有它的硬链接才可删除。
  • 软链接简单来说是为文件创建了一个类似快捷方式的东西,通过该链接可以访问文件,修改文件,但不会增加该文件的链接数,删除一个软链接并不会删除源文件,即使源文件被删除,软链接也存在,当重新创建一个同名的源文件,该软链接则指向新创建的文件。
  • 硬链接只可链接两个文件,不可链接目录,而软链接可链接目录,所以软链接是非常灵活的。
  1. <span class="pln">$ ln source dest </span><span class="com">### 为 source 创建一个名为 dest 的硬链接</span>
  2. <span class="pln">$ ln </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">s source dest </span><span class="com">### 为 source 创建一个名为 dest 的软链接</span>

 

chown

chown 用于改变一个文件的所有者及所在的组。

  1. <span class="com"># chown user filename ### 改变 filename 的所有者为 user</span>
  2. <span class="com"># chown user:group filename ### 改变 filename 的所有者为 user,组为 group</span>
  3. <span class="com"># chown -R root folder ### 改变 folder 文件夹及其子文件的所有者为 root</span>

 

chmod

chmod 永远更改一个文件的权限,主要有 读取 、 写入 、 执行 ,三种权限,其中 所有者 、 用户组 、 其他 各占三个,因此 ls -l 可以看到如下的信息

  1. <span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">rwxr</span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">r</span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="lit">1</span><span class="pln"> locez users </span><span class="lit">154</span><span class="typ">Aug</span><span class="lit">30</span><span class="lit">18</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="lit">09</span><span class="pln"> filename</span>

其中 r=read , w=write , x=execute

  1. <span class="com"># chmod +x filename ### 为 user ,group ,others 添加执行权限</span>
  2. <span class="com"># chmod -x filename ### 取消 user , group ,others 的执行权限</span>
  3. <span class="com"># chmod +w filename ### 为 user 添加写入权限</span>
  4. <span class="com"># chmod ugo=rwx filename ### 设置 user ,group ,others 具有 读取、写入、执行权限</span>
  5. <span class="com"># chmod ug=rw filename ### 设置 user ,group 添加 读取、写入权限</span>
  6. <span class="com"># chmod ugo=--- filename ### 取消所有权限</span>

 

useradd

useradd 用于添加一个普通用户。

  1. <span class="com"># useradd -m -g users -G audio -s /usr/bin/bash newuser </span>
  2. <span class="com">### -m 创建 home 目录, -g 所属的主组, -G 指定该用户在哪些附加组, -s 设定默认的 shell ,newuser 为新的用户名</span>

 

passwd

passwd 用于改变用户登录密码。

  1. <span class="pln">$ passwd </span><span class="com">### 不带参数更改当前用户密码</span>
  2. <span class="com"># passwd newuser ### 更改上述新建的 newuser 的用户密码</span> 

 

whereis

whereis 用于查找文件、手册等。

  1. <span class="pln">$ whereis bash </span>
  2. <span class="pln">bash</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="str">/usr/</span><span class="pln">bin</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">bash </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">bash</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">bashrc </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">bash</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">bash_logout </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">share</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">man</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">man1</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">bash</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">1.gz</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">share</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">info</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">bash</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">info</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gz</span>
  3. <span class="pln">$ whereis </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">b bash </span><span class="com">### 仅查找 binary</span>
  4. <span class="pln">bash</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="str">/usr/</span><span class="pln">bin</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">bash </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">bash</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">bashrc </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">bash</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">bash_logout</span>
  5. <span class="pln">$ whereis </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">m bash </span><span class="com">### 仅查找 manual</span>
  6. <span class="pln">bash</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="str">/usr/</span><span class="pln">share</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">man</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">man1</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">bash</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="lit">1.gz</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">share</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">info</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">bash</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">info</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">gz</span>

 

find

find 也用于查找文件,但更为强大,支持正则,并且可将查找结果传递到其他命令。

  1. <span class="pln">$ find </span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">name PATTERN </span><span class="com">### 从当前目录查找符合 PATTERN 的文件</span>
  2. <span class="pln">$ find </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">home </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">name PATTERN </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="kwd">exec</span><span class="pln"> ls </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">l </span><span class="pun">{}</span><span class="pln"> \; </span><span class="com"># 从 /home 文件查找所有符合 PATTERN 的文件,并交由 ls 输出详细信息</span> 

 

wget

wget 是一个下载工具,简单强大。

  1. <span class="pln">$ wget </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">O newname</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">md https</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="com">//github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject/blob/master/README.md ### 下载 README 文件并重命名为 newname.md</span>
  2. <span class="pln">$ wget </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">c url </span><span class="com">### 下载 url 并开启断点续传</span>

恭喜你,你已经学习了完了26 个基础的 Linux 命令。虽然这里只是一些最基础的命令,但是熟练使用这些命令就踏出了你从一位 Linux 新手成为 Linux 玩家的第一步!

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