如何在 Ubuntu/Debian/Linux Mint 中编译和安装 wxWidgets

wxWidgets

wxWidgets是一个程序开发框架/库， 允许你在Windows、Mac、Linux中使用相同的代码跨平台开发。它主要用C++写成，但也可以与其他语言绑定比如Python、Perl、Ruby。

本教程中我将向你展示如何在基于Debian的linux中如Ubuntu和Linux Mint中编译wxwidgets 3.0+。

从源码编译wxWidgets并不困难，仅仅需要几分钟。库可以按不同的方式来编译，比如静态或者动态库。

1. 下载 wxWidgets

第一步你需要从wxwidgets.org下载wxWidgets源码文件。

做完后，解压到目录。

2. 设置编译环境

要编译wxwidgets，我们需要一些工具包括C++编译器，在Linux上是g++。所有这些可以通过apt-get工具从仓库中安装。

我们还需要wxWidgets依赖的GTK开发库。

1. <span class="pln">$ sudo apt</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="kwd">get</span><span class="pln"> install libgtk</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="lit">3</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">dev build</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">essential checkinstall</span>

这个叫做checkinstall的工具允许我们为wxwidgets创建一个安装包，这样之后就可以轻松的使用包管理器来卸载。

3. 编译 wxWidgets

进入到wxWidgets解压后的目录。为了保持清洁，创建一个编译用的目录。

1. <span class="pln">$ mkdir gtk</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">build</span>
2. <span class="pln">$ cd gtk</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">build</span><span class="pun">/</span>

现在运行configure和make命令。每个将花费一些时间来完成。

1. <span class="pln">$ </span><span class="pun">../</span><span class="pln">configure </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">disable</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">shared </span><span class="pun">--</span><span class="pln">enable</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">unicode</span>
2. <span class="pln">$ make</span>

"--disable-shared"选项将会编译静态库而不是动态库。

make命令完成后，编译就成功了。是时候安装wxWidgets到正确的目录。

更多信息请参考install.txt和readme.txt，这可在wxwidgets中的/docs/gtk/目录下找到。

4. 安装 checkinstall

现在我们不使用"make install"命令，我们使用checkinstall命令来创建一个wxwidgets的deb安装包。运行命令：

1. <span class="pln">$ sudo checkinstall</span>

checkinstall会询问几个问题，请保证在提问后提供一个版本号，否则将会失败。

完成这一切后，wxWidgets就安装好了，deb文件也会创建在相同的目录下。

5. 追踪安装的文件

如果你想要检查文件安装的位置，使用dpkg命令后面跟上checkinstall提供的包名。

1. <span class="pln">$ dpkg </span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">L package_name</span>
2. <span class="pun">/.</span>
3. <span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span>
4. <span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">local</span>
5. <span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">local</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">lib</span>
6. <span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">local</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">lib</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">libwx_baseu</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="lit">3.0</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">a</span>
7. <span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">local</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">lib</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">libwx_gtk3u_propgrid</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="lit">3.0</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">a</span>
8. <span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">local</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">lib</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">libwx_gtk3u_html</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="lit">3.0</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">a</span>
9. <span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">local</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">lib</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">libwxscintilla</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="lit">3.0</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">a</span>
10. <span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">local</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">lib</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">libwx_gtk3u_ribbon</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="lit">3.0</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">a</span>
11. <span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">local</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">lib</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">libwx_gtk3u_stc</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="lit">3.0</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">a</span>
12. <span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">local</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">lib</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">libwx_gtk3u_qa</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="lit">3.0</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">a</span>
13. <span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">local</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">lib</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">libwx_baseu_net</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="lit">3.0</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">a</span>
14. <span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">usr</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">local</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">lib</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">libwxtiff</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="lit">3.0</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">a</span>

6. 编译示例

编译wxWidgets完成后就可以马上编译示例程序了。在相同的目录下，一个新的sample目录已经创建了。

进入它并运行下面的命令

1. <span class="pln">$ compile samples</span>
2. <span class="pln">$ cd samples</span><span class="pun">/</span>
3. <span class="pln">$ make</span>

make命令完成后，进入sample 子目录，这里就有一个可以马上运行的Demo程序了。

7. 编译你的第一个程序

你完成编译demo程序后，可以写你自己的程序来编译了。这个也很简单。

假设你用的是C++，这样的话你还可以使用编辑器的高亮特性。比如gedit、kate、kwrite等等。或者用全功能的IDE像Geany、Codelite、Codeblocks等等。

然而你的第一个程序只需要用一个文本编辑器来快速完成。

如下：

1. <span class="com">#include</span><span class="str"><wx/wx.h></span>
2. <span class="kwd">class</span><span class="typ">Simple</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> wxFrame</span>
3. <span class="pun">{</span>
4. <span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pun">:</span>
5. <span class="typ">Simple</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="kwd">const</span><span class="pln"> wxString</span><span class="pun">&</span><span class="pln"> title</span><span class="pun">)</span>
6. <span class="pun">:</span><span class="pln"> wxFrame</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">NULL</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> wxID_ANY</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> title</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> wxDefaultPosition</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> wxSize</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="lit">250</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="lit">150</span><span class="pun">))</span>
7. <span class="pun">{</span>
8. <span class="typ">Centre</span><span class="pun">();</span>
9. <span class="pun">}</span>
10. <span class="pun">};</span>
11. <span class="kwd">class</span><span class="typ">MyApp</span><span class="pun">:</span><span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pln"> wxApp</span>
12. <span class="pun">{</span>
13. <span class="kwd">public</span><span class="pun">:</span>
14. <span class="kwd">bool</span><span class="typ">OnInit</span><span class="pun">()</span>
15. <span class="pun">{</span>
16. <span class="typ">Simple</span><span class="pun">*</span><span class="pln">simple </span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="typ">Simple</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln">wxT</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="str">"Simple"</span><span class="pun">));</span>
17. <span class="pln">simple</span><span class="pun">-></span><span class="typ">Show</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="kwd">true</span><span class="pun">);</span>
18. <span class="kwd">return</span><span class="kwd">true</span><span class="pun">;</span>
19. <span class="pun">}</span>
20. <span class="pun">};</span>
21. <span class="pln">wxIMPLEMENT_APP</span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="typ">MyApp</span><span class="pun">);</span>

现在保存并用下面的命令编译。

1. <span class="com"># compile</span>
2. <span class="pln">$ g</span><span class="pun">++</span><span class="pln"> basic</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">cpp </span><span class="str">`wx-config --cxxflags --libs std`</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">o program</span>
3. <span class="com"># run</span>
4. <span class="pln">$ </span><span class="pun">./</span><span class="pln">program</span>

和非标准的库一起编译

面展示的wx-config命令默认只支持标准的库。如果你使用的是Aui库，那么你需要指定额外用到的库。

1. <span class="pln">$ g</span><span class="pun">++</span><span class="pln"> code</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">cpp </span><span class="str">`wx-config --cxxflags --libs std,aui`</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">o program</span>

更多的信息参考这里这里。

资源

下载wxWidgets的源码和帮助 https://www.wxwidgets.org/downloads/

wxWidgets编译的wiki页面 https://wiki.wxwidgets.org/Compilingandgetting_started

使用wxWidgets最新版本(3.0+)的事项 https://wiki.wxwidgets.org/UpdatingtotheLatestVersionofwxWidgets

wxWidgets 的详细介绍：请点这里
wxWidgets 的下载地址：请点这里

相关阅读：

via: http://www.binarytides.com/install-wxwidgets-ubuntu/

作者：Silver Moon 译者：geekpi 校对：wxy

本文由 LCTT 原创翻译，Linux中国 荣誉推出