JDK 源码分析之HashMap之一

本源码研究是基于JDK1.8的,JDK版本不同,会有略微的差别。
1 什么是HashMap
HashMap是一种以key-value形式存储数据,数据存储结构以数组与链表为结构存储数据的,其中以hash算法得到数据的存储位置,高效管理存取的一种数据结构。

2 HashMap的基本原理图

JDK 源码分析之HashMap之一

JDK 源码分析之HashMap之一
3 下面我们以断点调试的方式进行源码分析
public static void main ( String[] arg ) {

HashMap<String,Object> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
hashMap.put( "1","50" );
hashMap.put( "2","lisi" );
hashMap.put( "3","50" );
hashMap.put( "4","lisi" );
hashMap.put( "5","50" );
hashMap.put( "6","lisi" );
hashMap.put( "7","50" );
hashMap.put( "8","50" );
hashMap.put( "9","lisi" );
hashMap.put( "10","50" );
hashMap.put( "11","50" );
hashMap.put( "12","50" );
hashMap.put( "price","50" );

}
通过断点调试,首先会进入
public V put(K key, V value) {

return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);

}
这个方法,这个方法hash(key)函数为注入对象,紧接着就会进入这个方法之中
static final int hash(Object key) {

int h;
    return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16); (1)

}
在方法(1)中key.hashCode()直接调用了string类的hashCode()的值,其中的原理,请看String有关的源码解读,会返回h=3373707,然后拿3373707的二进制与它的二进制数右移16位得到的结果进行异或运算 得到h=3373752。紧接着会进入

final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,

boolean evict) {
    Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;   (2)
    if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0) (3)
        n = (tab = resize()).length; (4)
    if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null) (5)
        tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null); (6)
    else {
        Node<K,V> e; K k;
        if (p.hash == hash &&
            ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) (7)
            e = p;
        else if (p instanceof TreeNode) (8)
            e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value); (9)
        else {
            for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) { (10)
                if ((e = p.next) == null) {     (11)
                    p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);  (12)
                    if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) (13)
                        treeifyBin(tab, hash);  (14)
                    break;
                }
                if (e.hash == hash &&
                    ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))  (15)
                    break;
                p = e;
            }
        }
        if (e != null) {  (16)
            V oldValue = e.value;  (17)
            if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)  (18)
                e.value = value;  (19)
            afterNodeAccess(e);   (20)
            return oldValue;
        }
    }
    ++modCount;    (21)
    if (++size > threshold)  (22)
        resize();  (23)
    afterNodeInsertion(evict); (24)
    return null;  (25)
}

的核心方法之中,在(3)中首先会判断 table是否为空,因为是首次进入,一定为空,就会通过(4)的方法创建一个大小为16,扩容阀值为12的table数组,并且将数据赋值给tab,通过(5)即可得到下标值为8(h&15)即可得到。然后在通过方法(6)就可以得到一个Node,key是“name”,value是“zhangshan”,然后判断一下是否超过了阀值,是否进行扩容。

当hashMap.put( "name","zhangshan" );运行这个方法的时候,putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,boolean evict)我们同理,分析下过程,在(5)中,由于已经有值了,所以会直接进入到(7)中,通过(7)的判断,会讲key的值赋值给e,通过(17)-(19)将新的值付给e,将原来的值付给oldValue中间变量,将原来的值返回,当然,通过 String info = ( String ) hashMap.put( "name","wangwu" );可以得来原来的值。
当运行hashMap.put( "price","50" ); 的时候,正好到了HashMap扩容的界限,那么,就会在(23)进入resize()的方法,
final Node<K,V>[] resize() {

Node<K,V>[] oldTab = table; (30)
    int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length; (31)
    int oldThr = threshold; (32)
    int newCap, newThr = 0; 
    if (oldCap > 0) {
        if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {  (33)
            threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            return oldTab;
        }
        else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY &&
                 oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)  (34)
            newThr = oldThr << 1; // double threshold
    }
    else if (oldThr > 0) // initial capacity was placed in threshold
        newCap = oldThr;
    else {               // zero initial threshold signifies using defaults
        newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
        newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
    }
    if (newThr == 0) {
        float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor;
        newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ?
                  (int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    }
    threshold = newThr;
    @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"})
        Node<K,V>[] newTab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[newCap]; (35)
    table = newTab;
    if (oldTab != null) {
        for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; ++j) {
            Node<K,V> e;
            if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) {
                oldTab[j] = null;
                if (e.next == null)
                    newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e;  (36)
                else if (e instanceof TreeNode)
                    ((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap);
                else { // preserve order
                    Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;
                    Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;
                    Node<K,V> next;
                    do {
                        next = e.next;
                        if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) {
                            if (loTail == null)
                                loHead = e;
                            else
                                loTail.next = e;
                            loTail = e;
                        }
                        else {
                            if (hiTail == null)
                                hiHead = e;
                            else
                                hiTail.next = e;
                            hiTail = e;
                        }
                    } while ((e = next) != null);
                    if (loTail != null) {
                        loTail.next = null;
                        newTab[j] = loHead;
                    }
                    if (hiTail != null) {
                        hiTail.next = null;
                        newTab[j + oldCap] = hiHead;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return newTab;
}

通过(30)-(32),创建一个oldTab 将原有的table保存,并且保存了阀值和大小 oldCap和oldThr,然后在(34)将oldCap和oldThr扩容2倍,并且分给新的中间变量newThr、newCap,
然后在(35)新创建一个扩容后的大小的table,在(36)的地方会将原来的table里面的值重新取出hash然后进行新的位置计算,然后把原来的值直接赋值给新的table数组的具体下标的位置,将当前entry的next链指向新的索引位置,newTable[i]有可能为空,有可能也是个entry链,如果是entry链,直接在链表头部插入。

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