opencv python 基于KNN的手写体识别的实例

OCR of Hand-written Data using kNN

OCR of Hand-written Digits

我们的目标是构建一个可以读取手写数字的应用程序, 为此，我们需要一些train_data和test_data. OpenCV附带一个images digits.png（在文件夹opencv\sources\samples\data\中），它有5000个手写数字（每个数字500个,每个数字是20x20图像）.所以首先要将图片切割成5000个不同图片,每个数字变成一个单行400像素.前面的250个数字作为训练数据，后250个作为测试数据.

import numpy as np
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

img = cv2.imread('digits.png')
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

# Now we split the image to 5000 cells, each 20x20 size
cells = [np.hsplit(row,100) for row in np.vsplit(gray,50)]

# Make it into a Numpy array. It size will be (50,100,20,20)
x = np.array(cells)

# Now we prepare train_data and test_data.
train = x[:,:50].reshape(-1,400).astype(np.float32) # Size = (2500,400)
test = x[:,50:100].reshape(-1,400).astype(np.float32) # Size = (2500,400)

# Create labels for train and test data
k = np.arange(10)
train_labels = np.repeat(k,250)[:,np.newaxis]
test_labels = train_labels.copy()

# Initiate kNN, train the data, then test it with test data for k=1
knn = cv2.ml.KNearest_create()
knn.train(train, cv2.ml.ROW_SAMPLE, train_labels)
ret,result,neighbours,dist = knn.findNearest(test,k=5)

# Now we check the accuracy of classification
# For that, compare the result with test_labels and check which are wrong
matches = result==test_labels
correct = np.count_nonzero(matches)
accuracy = correct*100.0/result.size
print( accuracy )

输出：91.76

进一步提高准确率的方法是增加训练数据,特别是错误的数据.每次训练时最好是保存训练数据,以便下次使用.

# save the data
np.savez('knn_data.npz',train=train, train_labels=train_labels)

# Now load the data
with np.load('knn_data.npz') as data:
  print( data.files )
  train = data['train']
  train_labels = data['train_labels']

OCR of English Alphabets

在opencv / samples / data /文件夹中附带一个数据文件letter-recognition.data.在每一行中,第一列是一个字母表,它是我们的标签. 接下来的16个数字是它的不同特征.

import numpy as np
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


# Load the data, converters convert the letter to a number
data= np.loadtxt('letter-recognition.data', dtype= 'float32', delimiter = ',',
          converters= {0: lambda ch: ord(ch)-ord('A')})

# split the data to two, 10000 each for train and test
train, test = np.vsplit(data,2)

# split trainData and testData to features and responses
responses, trainData = np.hsplit(train,[1])
labels, testData = np.hsplit(test,[1])

# Initiate the kNN, classify, measure accuracy.
knn = cv2.ml.KNearest_create()
knn.train(trainData, cv2.ml.ROW_SAMPLE, responses)
ret, result, neighbours, dist = knn.findNearest(testData, k=5)

correct = np.count_nonzero(result == labels)
accuracy = correct*100.0/10000
print( accuracy )

输出：93.06