Automatic的SQL Profile来稳定执行计划
我们都希望Oracle数据库的执行的SQL,CBO都能够产生正确的执行计划,但是事实上由于各种原因(例如SQL所对应的对应的统计信息不准确,或者CBO内部一些计算公式的缺陷等),导致了CBO会产生效率不高的,甚至是错误的执行计划。特别是CBO对目标SQL所产生的初始执行计划是正确的,后来由于各种原因(比如统计信息的变更),导致了CBO重新产生了一个错误的执行计划,这种执行计划的改变往往会导致目标SQL执行时间呈一个数量级的递增,而且通常会给我们造成一个困惑,一条SQL原本可以正常的运行,但是为什么会突然变得很慢?其实这种SQL执行效率突然的衰减往往是因为目标SQL执行计划的改变。这时候我们可以使用SQL_Profile或者SPM来解决执行计划变更的问题,用他们来调整稳定目标的SQL执行计划。下面进行一个Automatic的SQL Profile来稳定执行计划的实验。
1.创建一个测试表并插入数据,并创建相对应的索引
SQL> create table t1(n number);
Table created.
SQL> declare
2 begin
3 for i in 1 .. 10000
4 loop
5 insert into t1 values(i);
6 commit;
7 end loop;
8 end;
9 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select count(*) from t1;
COUNT(*)
----------
10000
SQL> create index idx_t1 on t1(n);
Index created.
2.对表T1收集统计信息
SQL> exec dbms_stats.gather_table_stats(ownname =>'SYS',tabname =>'T1',method_opt =>'for all columns size 1',CASCADE =>true);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
3.使用hint强制不使用索引,来模拟那些执行计划错误的SQL,并查看执行计划。
SQL> select /*+ no_index(t1 idx_t1) */ * from t1 where n=1;
N
----------
1
SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'advanced'));
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID 1kg76709mx29d, child number 0
-------------------------------------
select /*+ no_index(t1 idx_t1) */ * from t1 where n=1
Plan hash value: 3617692013
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 7 (100)| |
|* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T1 | 1 | 4 | 7 (0)| 00:00:01 |
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Query Block Name / Object Alias (identified by operation id):
-------------------------------------------------------------
1 - SEL$1 / T1@SEL$1
Outline Data
-------------
/*+
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BEGIN_OUTLINE_DATA
IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS
OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE('11.2.0.4')
DB_VERSION('11.2.0.4')
ALL_ROWS
OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$1")
FULL(@"SEL$1" "T1"@"SEL$1")
END_OUTLINE_DATA
*/
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------
1 - filter("N"=1)
Column Projection Information (identified by operation id):
-----------------------------------------------------------
1 - "N"[NUMBER,22]
42 rows selected.
从上面的内容我们不难发现,这条sql语句所走的是全表扫描,但是这显然是个错误的执行计划,正确的执行计划,我们应该是走索引。
我们现在使用SQL Tuning Advisor来尝试对这条SQL进行通过产生Automatic类型的SQL Profile
4. 创建一个名为my_sql_tuning_task2的自动调整任务
SQL> declare
2 my_task_name varchar2(30);
3 my_sqltext CLOB;
4 BEGIN
5 my_sqltext :='select /*+ no_index(t1 idx_t1) */ * from t1 where n=1';
6 my_task_name := dbms_sqltune.create_tuning_task(
7 sql_text => my_sqltext,
8 user_name => 'SYS',
9 scope => 'COMPREHENSIVE',
10 time_limit => 60,
11 task_name => 'my_sql_tuning_task_2',
12 description =>'TASK to tune a query on table t1');
13 END;
14 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
然后执行上述自动调整任务
SQL> begin
2 dbms_sqltune.execute_tuning_task( task_name => 'my_sql_tuning_task_2');
3 end;
4 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
然后我们就可以使用DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK来查看上述自动调整任务的调整结果:
SQL> set long 9000
SQL> set longchunksize 1000
SQL> set linesize 800
SQL> select dbms_sqltune.report_tuning_task( 'my_sql_tuning_task_2') from dual;
DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('MY_SQL_TUNING_TASK_2')
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tuning Task Name : my_sql_tuning_task_2
Tuning Task Owner : SYS
Workload Type : Single SQL Statement
Scope : COMPREHENSIVE
Time Limit(seconds): 60
Completion Status : COMPLETED
Started at : 04/13/2016 23:08:28
Completed at : 04/13/2016 23:08:28
DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('MY_SQL_TUNING_TASK_2')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Schema Name: SYS
SQL ID : 4bh6sn1zvpgq7
SQL Text : select /*+ no_index(t1 idx_t1) */ * from t1 where n=1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FINDINGS SECTION (1 finding)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- SQL Profile Finding (see explain plans section below)
--------------------------------------------------------
DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('MY_SQL_TUNING_TASK_2')
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Recommendation (estimated benefit: 90.91%)
------------------------------------------
- Consider accepting the recommended SQL profile.
execute dbms_sqltune.accept_sql_profile(task_name =>
'my_sql_tuning_task_2', task_owner => 'SYS', replace => TRUE);
Validation results
------------------
The SQL profile was tested by executing both its plan and the original plan
DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('MY_SQL_TUNING_TASK_2')
DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('MY_SQL_TUNING_TASK_2')
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Physical Read Bytes: 0 0
Physical Write Bytes: 0 0
Rows Processed: 1 1
Fetches: 1 1
Executions: 1 1
Notes
-----
1. Statistics for the original plan were averaged over 10 executions.
2. Statistics for the SQL profile plan were averaged over 10 executions.
DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('MY_SQL_TUNING_TASK_2')
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXPLAIN PLANS SECTION
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1- Original With Adjusted Cost
------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3617692013
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('MY_SQL_TUNING_TASK_2')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 4 | 7 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T1 | 1 | 4 | 7 (0)| 00:00:01 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
1 - filter("N"=1)
2- Using SQL Profile
DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('MY_SQL_TUNING_TASK_2')
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 1369807930
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 4 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| IDX_T1 | 1 | 4 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
DBMS_SQLTUNE.REPORT_TUNING_TASK('MY_SQL_TUNING_TASK_2')
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 - access("N"=1)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
从上面的调整结果,我们可以看到,他已经为我们目标SQL找到了更好的执行计划,并且也完成了针对该SQL的Automatic类型的SQL Profile,如果我们使用 execute dbms_sqltune.accept_sql_profile(task_name => 'my_sql_tuning_task_2', task_owner => 'SYS', replace => TRUE);
相应时间将会有89.9%的改善,逻辑读将会有 90.9 %的改善,并且接受后将会有全表扫描改变为IDX_T1的索引范围扫描。
然后我们按照oracle提示接受这个SQL profile,并重新查看执行计划
SQL> execute dbms_sqltune.accept_sql_profile(task_name => 'my_sql_tuning_task_2', task_owner => 'SYS', replace => TRUE);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select /*+ no_index(t1 idx_t1) */ * from t1 where n=1;
N
----------
1
SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'advanced'));
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID 1kg76709mx29d, child number 0
-------------------------------------
select /*+ no_index(t1 idx_t1) */ * from t1 where n=1
Plan hash value: 1369807930
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 1 (100)| |
|* 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| IDX_T1 | 1 | 4 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Query Block Name / Object Alias (identified by operation id):
-------------------------------------------------------------
1 - SEL$1 / T1@SEL$1
Outline Data
-------------
/*+
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BEGIN_OUTLINE_DATA
IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS
OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE('11.2.0.4')
DB_VERSION('11.2.0.4')
ALL_ROWS
OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$1")
INDEX(@"SEL$1" "T1"@"SEL$1" ("T1"."N"))
END_OUTLINE_DATA
*/
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------
1 - access("N"=1)
Column Projection Information (identified by operation id):
-----------------------------------------------------------
1 - "N"[NUMBER,22]
Note
-----
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
-------------------------------------------------
- SQL profile SYS_SQLPROF_0154103a51870000 used for this statement
46 rows selected.
我们可以看到Note部分SQL profile SYS_SQLPROF_0154103a51870000 used for this statement,这说明我们刚才接受的SQL Profile已经生效了,这同时也说明Automatic类型的SQL Profile确实可以再不改变目标SQL的SQl文本的情况下更改其执行计划
接下来我们尝试将where的条件从n=1改变为n=2,并查看执行计划 SQL> select /*+ no_index(t1 idx_t1) */ * from t1 where n=2;
N
----------
2
SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'advanced'));
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID 36wrvgrswajnh, child number 0
-------------------------------------
select /*+ no_index(t1 idx_t1) */ * from t1 where n=2
Plan hash value: 3617692013
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 7 (100)| |
|* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T1 | 1 | 4 | 7 (0)| 00:00:01 |
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Query Block Name / Object Alias (identified by operation id):
-------------------------------------------------------------
1 - SEL$1 / T1@SEL$1
Outline Data
-------------
/*+
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BEGIN_OUTLINE_DATA
IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS
OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE('11.2.0.4')
DB_VERSION('11.2.0.4')
ALL_ROWS
OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$1")
FULL(@"SEL$1" "T1"@"SEL$1")
END_OUTLINE_DATA
*/
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 - filter("N"=2)
Column Projection Information (identified by operation id):
-----------------------------------------------------------
1 - "N"[NUMBER,22]
42 rows selected.
我们发现还是走了全表扫描,要想使上面的SQL_PROFILE 生效,我们需要加上FORCE_MATCH=TRUE,true的含义,就是where条件中值发生变化,但是SQL_Profile仍然有效
SQL> execute dbms_sqltune.accept_sql_profile(task_name => 'my_sql_tuning_task_2', task_owner => 'SYS', replace => TRUE,force_match => true);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
再次查看相对应的执行计划
SQL> select /*+ no_index(t1 idx_t1) */ * from t1 where n=2;
N
----------
2
SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'advanced'));
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID c4j6hxkqudj1s, child number 0
-------------------------------------
select /*+ no_index(t1 idx_t1) */ * from t1 where n=2
Plan hash value: 1369807930
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 1 (100)| |
|* 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| IDX_T1 | 1 | 4 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Query Block Name / Object Alias (identified by operation id):
-------------------------------------------------------------
1 - SEL$1 / T1@SEL$1
Outline Data
-------------
/*+
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BEGIN_OUTLINE_DATA
IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS
OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE('11.2.0.4')
DB_VERSION('11.2.0.4')
ALL_ROWS
OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$1")
INDEX(@"SEL$1" "T1"@"SEL$1" ("T1"."N"))
END_OUTLINE_DATA
*/
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 - access("N"=2)
Column Projection Information (identified by operation id):
-----------------------------------------------------------
1 - "N"[NUMBER,22]
Note
-----
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
---------------------------------------------
- SQL profile SYS_SQLPROF_015410470fa40001 used for this statement
46 rows selected.
这是我们可以发现这次的执行计划走的是索引,为了再次验证新生成的SQL_Profile对其他值也有效,我们再次尝试n=3
SQL> select /*+ no_index(t1 idx_t1) */ * from t1 where n=3;
N
----------
3
SQL> select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'advanced'));
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID 0zz8t0qnm15hj, child number 0
-------------------------------------
select /*+ no_index(t1 idx_t1) */ * from t1 where n=3
Plan hash value: 1369807930
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 1 (100)| |
|* 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN| IDX_T1 | 1 | 4 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Query Block Name / Object Alias (identified by operation id):
-------------------------------------------------------------
1 - SEL$1 / T1@SEL$1
Outline Data
-------------
/*+
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BEGIN_OUTLINE_DATA
IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS
OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE('11.2.0.4')
DB_VERSION('11.2.0.4')
ALL_ROWS
OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$1")
INDEX(@"SEL$1" "T1"@"SEL$1" ("T1"."N"))
END_OUTLINE_DATA
*/
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------
1 - access("N"=3)
Column Projection Information (identified by operation id):
-----------------------------------------------------------
1 - "N"[NUMBER,22]
Note
-----
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- SQL profile SYS_SQLPROF_015410470fa40001 used for this statement
46 rows selected.
结论是仍旧有效。
--End.