django基础（一）
django基础-（一）
项目的创建和启动
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost ~]$ cd /vagrant/
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost vagrant]$ django-admin startproject devops
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost vagrant]$ tree devops/
devops/ #项目容器
├── devops #是实际的python项目包
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── settings.py #配置文件
│ ├── urls.py #路由文件
│ └── wsgi.py
└── manage.py #实用的命令行工具
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost vagrant]$ vim devops/devops/settings.py #数据库配置文件更改
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'devops',
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': '123456',
'HOST': 'localhost',
'PORT': 3306,
'OPTIONS':{
'init_command': 'SET default_storage_engine=INNODB;',
},
}
}- 服务启动
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python manage.py runserver 0:8000
- 新建项目
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python manage.py startapp dashboard #方法一 (venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ django-admin startapp dashboard1 #方法二
startproject和startapp的区别
一个项目下有多个app（一对多的关系）
- 配置url
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim dashboard/urls.py from django.conf.urls import url urlpatterns = [ ]
- 注册app
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim devops/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'dashboard'
]hello world
- 视图函数
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim dashboard/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
#视图函数
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("hello world")- 配置app url
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim dashboard/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from .views import index
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$',index,name='index')
]- 配置project url
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ vim devops/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^dashboard/',include("dashboard.urls"))
]- 启动项目
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py runserver 0:8000
HttpRequest对象
- 是在django.http这个模块中
- 是有django创建
- 官方文档docs
常用的属性：
request.body -----b''request.scheme -----http
request.path ---- /dashboard/
request.method --- GET
request.GET
request.POST
request.META
HttpResponse对象
- HttpResponse:返回字符串
- JsonResponse:返回字典，注意safe=False是针对于列表类型
GET与POST请求
- GET
request.GET
request.GET.get('xx')
request.GET.getlist('oo')
- POST
request.GET
request.GET.get('xx')
request.GET.getlist('oo')Querydict
In [1]: from django.http import QueryDict
In [2]: QueryDict('aa=bb&cc=dd&cc=xxx')
Out[2]: <QueryDict: {'aa': ['bb'], 'cc': ['dd', 'xxx']}>
In [3]: q = QueryDict('aa=bb&cc=dd&cc=xxx') \
In [4]: QueryDict.fromkeys(['a','b','a'],value='val')
Out[4]: <QueryDict: {'a': ['val', 'val'], 'b': ['val']}>
In [5]: q
Out[5]: <QueryDict: {'aa': ['bb'], 'cc': ['dd', 'xxx']}>
In [6]: q.dict()
Out[6]: {'aa': 'bb', 'cc': 'xxx'}
In [7]: q.urlencode()
Out[7]: 'aa=bb&cc=dd&cc=xxx'DELETE&PUT请求
请求返回都在request.body中
- 视图函数
def index_2(request):
if request.method == "GET":
print("request get =",request.GET)
data = request.GET.copy()
data['aa'] = 'xxxxxx'
print("data =",data)
print("aa =",request.GET.get("aa")) #取出单个值
print("cc =",request.GET.getlist("cc")) #取出多个值
elif request.method == "POST":
print("request post =",request.POST)
print("aa =",request.POST.get("aa"))
print("cc =",request.POST.getlist("cc"))
elif request.method == "DELETE":
print("delete=",QueryDict(request.body))
elif request.method == "PUT":
print("put=",QueryDict(request.body))
return HttpResponse("")- 请求方式：
In [1]: import requests
In [2]: url = "http://127.0.0.1:8000/dashboard/"
In [3]: data = {}
In [4]: data['aa'] = 'bb'
In [5]: data['cc'] = ['dd','ee']
In [9]: requests.delete(url,data=data) Out[9]: <Response [200]>
In [10]: requests.put(url,data=data) Out[10]: <Response [200]>用户登录练习
- 视图函数
def login(request):
msg = ""
if request.method == "POST":
username = request.POST.get("username")
userpass = request.POST.get("userpass")
if username == "admin" and userpass == "123456":
msg = "login success"
else:
msg = "login failed"
else:
msg = "请求方法不被允许！"
returnHttpResponse(msg)- post请求方法
In [11]: url = "http://192.168.33.10/login/"
In [12]: data = {}
In [13]: data['username'] = "admin"
In [14]: data['userpass'] = "123456"
In [16]: r = requests.post(url,data)
In [18]: r.content.decode('utf8')用户创建
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py shell
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py dbshell
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py showmigrations
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py makemigrations
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py migrate
-----------------------------------创建用户--------------------------------------
(venv3) [vagrant@localhost devops]$ python3 manage.py shell
In [1]: from django.contrib.auth.models import User
In [2]: User.objects.create_user("wanghui","[email protected]",'123456') #创建普通用户
In [3]: User.objects.create_superuser("admin","[email protected]",'123456') #创建超级管理员---------修改密码-------------------------------------------------------
In [5]: u = User.objects.get(username="wanghui")
In [6]: u.set_password('654321')
In [7]: u.save()---------删除用户----------------------------
用户登录
步骤：一个视图
GET请求：展示登陆页面
POST请求：执行用户登陆
1. 接收用户post过来的用户名密码
2. 验证用户名密码
3. 返回结果- 视图函数
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.contrib.auth import login,authenticate
def LoginView(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
username = request.POST.get('username')
userpass = request.POST.get('userpass')
# try:
# User.objects.get(username=username)
# except User.DoesNotExist:
# return HttpResponse("用户不存在！")
user = authenticate(request,username=username,password=userpass)
if user is not None:
login(request,user)
return HttpResponse("用户登录成功")
else:
return HttpResponse("用户登录失败")
return render(request, 'login.html')- 模板文件
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>用户登录</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<form method="POST">
<li>
<span>username</span>
<input type="text" name="username" id="">
</li>
<li>
<span>password</span>
<input type="password" name="userpass">
</li>
<li>
<input type="submit">
</li>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>- 路由
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$',views.index,name="index"),
url(r'^index2/$',views.index_1,name="index_1"),
url(r'^login/$',views.loginv1,name="login"),
url(r'^loginv2/$',views.LoginView,name="loginv2"),
]