Oracle常用的SQL方法总结
在项目中一般需要对一些数据进行处理,以下提供一些基本的SQL语句:
1.基于条件的插入和修改:需要在表中插入一条记录,插入前根据key标识判断。如果标识符不存在,则插入新纪录,如果标识符存在,则根据语句中所给的新值对原纪录中的字段进行更新:
merge into A
using B
on (A.key = B.key)
when matched then
update set A.name = B.name
when not matched then
insert into (A.key, A.name) values (B.key, B.name)
2.在分组和集合里统计分组:当需要统计一个分组里的成员,或有多少个子分组,及其他基于集合的统计。在进行基于集合的统计时,还需要动态包括或剔除满足特定条件的记录。
实例如下:基于职工在企业里的升职次数,来统计企业每个员工经历过的工作岗位次数。
select jh.JobsHeld, count(*) as StaffCount
from (select u.employee_id, count(*) as JobsHeld
from (select employee_id
from hr.employees
union all
select employee_id from hr.job_history) u
group by u.employee_id) jh
group by jh.JogsHeld
3.根据时间戳恢复数据:
ALTER TABLE tablename ENABLE row movement ;
flashback table tablename to timestamp to_timestamp('2012-09-13 13:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss');
4.有一个类型为字符串的字段,要讲其值迁移到新系统里的数值类型字段中:
create or replace function isnum(v_in varchar2) return varchar is
val_err exception;
pragma exception_init(val_err, -6502) --char to num conv.error
scrub_num number;
begin
scrub_num := to_number(v_in) return 'Y';
exception
when val_err then
return 'N';
end;
5.解决死锁问题:
(1).查看被锁的表
select b.owner,b.object_name,a.session_id,a.locked_mode
from v$locked_object a,dba_objects b
where b.object_id = a.object_id;
(2).查看引起死锁的会话
select b.username,b.sid,b.serial#,logon_time
from v$locked_object a,v$session b
where a.session_id = b.sid order by b.logon_time;
(3).杀掉死锁
alter system kill session ‘sid,serial#’;
6.查看当前连接用户正在运行的SQL语句:
select a.SID, a.USERNAME, b.SQL_TEXT
from v$session a, v$sqltext_with_newlines b
where a.SQL_ADDRESS = b.ADDRESS
and a.SQL_HASH_VALUE = b.HASH_VALUE
order by a.USERNAME, a.SID, b.piece
7.查询最消耗资源的实时语句:
Oracle 11g中,可以通过查询V$SQL_MONITOR来监控SQL查询近乎实时的消耗资源
select * from (
select a.sid session_id,a.sql_id,a.status,a.cpu_time/1000000 cpu_sec,a.buffer_gets,a.disk_reads,b.sql_text sql_text
from v$sql_monitor a,v$sql_b
where a.sql_id=b.sql_id
order by a.cpu_time desc)
where rownum<=20;