Scala Actor:多线程的基础学习
Scala Actor是Scala里多线程的基础,核心思想是用消息传递来进行线程间的信息共享和同步。
51CTO编辑推荐:Scala编程语言专题
Scala Actor线程模型可以这样理解:所有Actor共享一个线程池,总的线程个数可以配置,也可以根据CPU个数决定;当一个Actor启动之后,Scala分配一个线程给它使用,如果使用receive模型,这个线程就一直为该Actor所有,如果使用react模型,Scala执行完react方法后抛出异常,则该线程就可以被其它Actor使用。
下面看一些核心代码。
def start(): Actor = synchronized { // Reset various flags. // // Note that we do *not* reset `trapExit`. The reason is that // users should be able to set the field in the constructor // and before `act` is called. exitReason = 'normal exiting = false shouldExit = false scheduler execute { ActorGC.newActor(Actor.this) (new Reaction(Actor.this)).run() } this }
其中Reaction实现Runnable接口,scheduler基本相当于是一个线程池,所以调用start方法之后会有一个线程来为该Actor服务。
使用receive模型。
def receive[R](f: PartialFunction[Any, R]): R = { assert(Actor.self == this, "receive from channel belonging to other actor") this.synchronized { if (shouldExit) exit() // links val qel = mailbox.extractFirst((m: Any) => f.isDefinedAt(m)) if (null eq qel) { waitingFor = f.isDefinedAt isSuspended = true suspendActor() } else { received = Some(qel.msg) sessions = qel.session :: sessions } waitingFor = waitingForNone isSuspended = false } val result = f(received.get) sessions = sessions.tail result
如果当前mailbox里面没有可以处理的消息,调用suspendActor,该方法会调用wait;如果有消息,这调用PartialFunction进行处理。
使用react模型。
def react(f: PartialFunction[Any, Unit]): Nothing = { assert(Actor.self == this, "react on channel belonging to other actor") this.synchronized { if (shouldExit) exit() // links val qel = mailbox.extractFirst((m: Any) => f.isDefinedAt(m)) if (null eq qel) { waitingFor = f.isDefinedAt continuation = f isDetached = true } else { sessions = List(qel.session) scheduleActor(f, qel.msg) } throw new SuspendActorException }
如果当前mailbox没有可以处理的消息,设置waitingFor和continuation,这两个变量会在接收到消息的时候使用;如果有消息,则调用scheduleActor,该方法会在线程池里选择一个新的线程来处理,具体的处理方法也是由PartialFunction决定。不管是哪条路径,react都会立即返回,或者说是立即抛出异常,结束该线程的执行,这样该线程就可以被其它Actor使用。
再来看看接收消息的处理代码。
def send(msg: Any, replyTo: OutputChannel[Any]) = synchronized { if (waitingFor(msg)) { received = Some(msg) if (isSuspended) sessions = replyTo :: sessions else sessions = List(replyTo) waitingFor = waitingForNone if (!onTimeout.isEmpty) { onTimeout.get.cancel() onTimeout = None } if (isSuspended) resumeActor() else // assert continuation != null scheduler.execute(new Reaction(this, continuation, msg)) } else { mailbox.append(msg, replyTo) }
如果当前没有在等待消息或者接收到的消息不能处理,就丢到mailbox里去;相反,则进行消息的处理。这里对于receive模型和react模型就有了分支:如果isSuspended为true,表示是receive模型,并且线程在wait,就调用resumeActor,该方法会调用notify;否则就是react模型,同样在线程池里选择一个线程进行处理。