Linux命令01--Coreutils软件包01--认识coreutils

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2018-04-20

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GNU Core Utilities(Coreutils，GNU的核心工具软件包)：包含了对类Unix操作系统上使用的许多基本工具（如cat，ls和rm）的重新实现

GNU coreutils通过合并早期的软件包textutils，shellutils和fileutils以及一些其他杂项工具而创建出来。

Coreutils支持很长的选项作为命令的参数，以及（除非设置了POSIXLY_CORRECT环境变量）松散约定，即使在常规参数之后也允许选项

Coreutils软件包包含了Linux下许多基本的且核心的命令

在CentOS7下获取coreutils源代码包：

//通过ls命令的所属软件包来获取coreutils软件包的版本
#rpm -qf /bin/ls 
>>>coreutils-8.22-18.el7.x86_64

//下载yumdownloader工具，yumdownloader是一个从RPM源下载RPM软件包的程序
#yum -y install yum-utils

//使用yumdownloader命令下载源代码，如下：
#yumdownloader --source  coreutils-8.22-18.el7.x86_64

//使用yumdownloader下载到的是rpm软件包 
//需要使用rpm2cpio命令将软件包转为cpio归档文件 
//再使用cpio命令，将cpio归档文件复制提取为另一个tar归档文件 
#rpm2cpio coreutils-8.22-18.el7.src.rpm | cpio -idv coreutils-8.22.tar.xz >>>coreutils-8.22.tar.xz 

//使用tar命令对的coreutils-8.22.tar.xz压缩包进行解压缩 
#tar xf coreutils-8.22.tar.xz 

//coreutils软件包的源代码已经下载到本地，在其目录下，有个src目录 
//存放基本命令(如ls等)的C语言代码

更多的内容可以参考GNU关于coreutils软件包的说明：https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/coreutils.html

coreutils软件包包含的命令列表：

Programs in coreutils 8.27
Name	Category	Description
chcon	File utilities	Changes file security context
chgrp	File utilities	Changes file group ownership
chown	File utilities	Changes file ownership
chmod	File utilities	Changes the permissions of a file or directory
cp	File utilities	Copies a file or directory
dd	File utilities	Copies and converts a file
df	File utilities	Shows disk free space on file systems
dir	File utilities	Is exactly like "`ls -C -b`". (Files are by default listed in columns and sorted vertically.)
dircolors	File utilities	Set up color for `ls`
install	File utilities	Copies files and set attributes
ln	File utilities	Creates a link to a file
ls	File utilities	Lists the files in a directory
mkdir	File utilities	Creates a directory
mkfifo	File utilities	Makes (FIFOs)
mknod	File utilities	Makes block or character special files
mktemp	File utilities	Creates a temporary file or directory
mv	File utilities	Moves files or rename files
realpath	File utilities	Returns the resolved absolute or relative path for a file
rm	File utilities	Removes (deletes) files, directories, device nodes and symbolic links
rmdir	File utilities	Removes empty directories
shred	File utilities	Overwrites a file to hide its contents, and optionally deletes it
sync	File utilities	Flushes file system buffers
touch	File utilities	Changes file timestamps
truncate	File utilities	Shrink or extend the size of a file to the specified size
vdir	File utilities	Is exactly like "`ls -l -b`". (Files are by default listed in long format.)
b2sum	Text utilities	Computes and checks Blake2 message digest
base32	Text utilities	base32 encodes or decodes data and prints to standard output
base64	Text utilities	base64 encodes or decodes data and prints to standard output
cat	Text utilities	Concatenates and prints files on the standard output
cksum	Text utilities	Checksums and count the bytes in a file
comm	Text utilities	Compares two sorted files line by line
csplit	Text utilities	Splits a file into sections determined by context lines
cut	Text utilities	Removes sections from each line of files
expand	Text utilities	Converts tabs to spaces
fmt	Text utilities	Simple optimal text formatter
fold	Text utilities	Wraps each input line to fit in specified width
head	Text utilities	Outputs the first part of files
join	Text utilities	Joins lines of two files on a common field
md5sum	Text utilities	Computes and checks MD5 message digest
nl	Text utilities	Numbers lines of files
numfmt	Text utilities	Reformat numbers
od	Text utilities	Dumps files in octal and other formats
paste	Text utilities	Merges lines of files
ptx	Text utilities	Produces a of file contents
pr	Text utilities	Converts text files for printing
sha1sum, `sha224sum`, `sha256sum`, `sha384sum`, `sha512sum`	Text utilities	Computes and checks, SHA-224/256/384/512 message digest
shuf	Text utilities	generate random permutations
sort	Text utilities	sort lines of text files
split	Text utilities	Splits a file into pieces
sum	Text utilities	Checksums and counts the blocks in a file
tac	Text utilities	Concatenates and prints files in reverse order line by line
tail	Text utilities	Outputs the last part of files
tr	Text utilities	Translates or deletes characters
tsort	Text utilities	Performs a
unexpand	Text utilities	Converts spaces to tabs
uniq	Text utilities	Removes duplicate lines from a sorted file
wc	Text utilities	Prints the number of bytes, words, and lines in files
arch	Shell utilities	Prints machine hardware name (same as uname -m)
basename	Shell utilities	Removes the path prefix from a given pathname
chroot	Shell utilities	Changes the root directory
date	Shell utilities	Prints or sets the system date and time
dirname	Shell utilities	Strips non-directory suffix from file name
du	Shell utilities	Shows disk usage on file systems
echo	Shell utilities	Displays a specified line of text
env	Shell utilities	Displays and modifies
expr	Shell utilities	Evaluates expressions
factor	Shell utilities	Factors numbers
false	Shell utilities	Does nothing, but exits unsuccessfully
groups	Shell utilities	Prints the groups of which the user is a member
hostid	Shell utilities	Prints the numeric identifier for the current host
id	Shell utilities	Prints real or effective GID
link	Shell utilities	Creates a link to a file
logname	Shell utilities	Print the user's login name
nice	Shell utilities	Modifies scheduling priority
nohup	Shell utilities	Allows a command to continue running after logging out
nproc	Shell utilities	Queries the number of (active) processors
pathchk	Shell utilities	Checks whether file names are valid or portable
pinky	Shell utilities	A lightweight version of finger
printenv	Shell utilities	Prints environment variables
printf	Shell utilities	Formats and prints data
pwd	Shell utilities	Prints the current working directory
readlink	Shell utilities	Displays value of a symbolic link
runcon	Shell utilities	Run command with specified security context
seq	Shell utilities	Prints a sequence of numbers
sleep	Shell utilities	Delays for a specified amount of time
stat	Shell utilities	Returns data about an inode
stdbuf	Shell utilities	Controls buffering for commands that use stdio
stty	Shell utilities	Changes and prints terminal line settings
tee	Shell utilities	Sends output to multiple files
test	Shell utilities	Evaluates an expression
timeout	Shell utilities	Run a command with a time limit
true	Shell utilities	Does nothing, but exits successfully
tty	Shell utilities	Prints terminal name
uname	Shell utilities	Prints system information
unlink	Shell utilities	Removes the specified file using the `unlink` function
uptime	Shell utilities	Tells how long the system has been running
users	Shell utilities	Prints the user names of users currently logged into the current host
who	Shell utilities	Prints a list of all users currently logged in
whoami	Shell utilities	Prints the effective userid
yes	Shell utilities	Prints a string repeatedly
[	Other Utilities	A synonym for test; this program permits expressions like [ expression ].