如何用mod_jk连接器来集成Apache2和Tomcat 7
Apache是最流行的web服务器，它通常用来接收客户端的请求并响应。它得到一个URL并将它翻译成一个文件名（或者静态请求），并将文件从本地磁盘中取出，通过因特网返回；或者将它翻译成程序执行它，接着将输出返回给请求方。如果web服务器不能处理和完成请求，它会返回一个错误信息。
在本篇中，我们会列出Apache的特性以及我们该如何用mod_jk连接器来集成Tomcat 7和Tomcat 8。
Apache的特性
如我们所说Apache是最流行的web服务器。下面是流行背后的原因：
- 它是自由工具，你可以很简单地下载和安装
- 它开放源码，因此你可以查看源码，调整它，优化它，并且修复错误和安全漏洞。也可以增加新的功能和模块。
- 它可以用在只有一两个页面的小网站，或者是有成千上万个页面的大网站，每月处理上百万的常规访问者的请求。它可以同时处理静态和动态内容。
- 改进的缓存模块（mod_cache、 mod_disk_cache、 mod_mem_cache）。
- Apache 2 支持 IPv6.
Tomcat 的目录
${tomcat_home} 是tomcat的根目录。你的tomcat安装应该有下面的子目录：
- ${tomcat_home}\conf – 存放不同配置文件的地方
- ${tomcat_home}\webapps – 包含示例程序
- ${tomcat_home}\bin – 存放你的Web服务器的插件的地方
Mod_jk 模块
mod_jk有两种可接受的方式：二进制或者源码。取决于你运行的web服务器的平台，也许有符合你的平台的二进制版本的mod_jk。如果有的话建议使用这个。
mod_jk模块在这些平台上开发及测试过：
- Linux、 FreeBSD、 AIX、 HP-UX、 MacOS X、 Solaris ，应该在主流的支持Apache 1.3 和/或者 2.x的Unix平台上都工作。
- WinNT 4.0-i386 SP4/SP5/SP6a (应该可以与其他的服务包一起工作), Win2K 和 WinXP 和 Win98
- Cygwin (需要你有apache服务器及autoconf/automake支持工具)
- Netware
- i5/OS V5R4 (System I) ，带有 Apache HTTP Server 2.0.58。 确保已经安装了最新的 Apache PTF
- Tomcat 3.2 到 Tomcat 8
The mod_jk 需要两个组件：
- mod_jk.xxx – Apache HTTP服务器模块，取决于你的操作系统，它可能是mod_jk.so、mod_jk.nlm或者mod_jk.SRVPGM。
- workers.properties - 描述Worker （Tomcat进程）所用的主机以及处理器使用的端口。在下载的源码的conf目录下找到示例的workers.properties文件。
和Apache HTTP服务器其他的模块一样，mod_jk应该安装在你的Apache服务器下的模块目录下：/usr/lib/apache，而且你应该更新你的httpd.conf文件。
安装
在开始安装前，非root用户需要使用“sudo”特权。现在我们开始安装，我们将使用下面的命令来安装Apache2和Tomcat：
<span class="pln">sudo apt</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="kwd">get</span><span class="pln"> install apache2 </span><span class="pln">sudo apt</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="kwd">get</span><span class="pln"> install tomcat7</span><span class="pln">sudo apt</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="kwd">get</span><span class="pln"> install tomcat7</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">admin</span>
下面，我们将会使用如下的命令来创建一个测试程序：
<span class="pln">cd </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="kwd">var</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">lib</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">tomcat7</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">webapps</span><span class="pln">sudo mkdir tomcat</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">demo</span><span class="pln">sudo mkdir tomcat</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">demo</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">goodmoring</span><span class="pln">sudo vim tomcat</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">demo</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">helloworld</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">index</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">jsp</span>
并粘贴下面的代码到上述的 index.jsp：
<span class="tag"><HTML></span><span class="tag"><HEAD></span><span class="tag"><TITLE></span><span class="pln">Good Morning</span><span class="tag"></TITLE></span><span class="tag"></HEAD></span><span class="tag"><BODY></span><span class="tag"><H1></span><span class="pln">Good Morning</span><span class="tag"></H1></span><span class="pln">Today is: </span><span class="pun"><%=</span><span class="kwd">new</span><span class="pln"> java</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">util</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="typ">Date</span><span class="pun">().</span><span class="pln">toString</span><span class="pun">()</span><span class="pln"> %> </span><span class="tag"></BODY></span><span class="tag"></HTML></span>
一切完毕后，我们将使用下面的命令安装和配置mod_jk:
<span class="pln">sudo apt</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="kwd">get</span><span class="pln"> install libapache2</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">mod</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">jk</span>
我们需要使用下面的命令启用Tomcat的8443转发端口：
<span class="pln">sudo vim </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">tomcat7</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">server</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">xml</span>
解除下面的注释行：
<span class="tag"><Connector</span><span class="atn">port</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"8009"</span><span class="atn">protocol</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"AJP/1.3"</span><span class="atn">redirectPort</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="atv">"8443"</span><span class="tag">/></span>
之后，我们将用下面的命令为Apache创建workers.properties文件：
<span class="pln">sudo vim </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache2</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">workers</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">properties</span>
粘贴下面的行：
<span class="com"># Define 1 real worker using ajp13 </span><span class="pln">worker</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">list</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">worker </span><span class="com"># Set properties for worker (ajp13) </span><span class="pln">worker</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">worker</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">type</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">ajp13 </span><span class="pln">worker</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">worker</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">host</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="pln">localhost</span><span class="pln">worker</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">worker</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">port</span><span class="pun">=</span><span class="lit">8009</span>
现在我们将使用下面的命令来让Apache使用这个worker：
<span class="pln">sudo vim </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache2</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">mods</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">available</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">jk</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">conf</span>
我们将JkWorkersFile属性成下面这行：
<span class="str">/etc/</span><span class="pln">apache2</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">workers</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">properties</span>
最后配置Apache交给Tomcat处理的URL
<span class="pln">sudo vim </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache2</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">sites</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="pln">enabled</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="lit">000</span><span class="pun">-</span><span class="kwd">default</span>
我们将在配置文件中下面的行：
<span class="tag"><VirtualHost</span><span class="pln"> *:80</span><span class="tag">></span><span class="pln">.......................................</span><span class="pln">.......................................</span><span class="pln">JkMount /tomcat-demo* worker1</span><span class="tag"></VirtualHost</span><span class="pln"> *:80</span><span class="tag">></span>
现在用下面的命令重启服务来检查它们的功能：
<span class="pln">sudo </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">init</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">d</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">tomcat7 restart</span><span class="pln">sudo </span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">etc</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">init</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">d</span><span class="pun">/</span><span class="pln">apache2 restart</span>
总结
在本���中我们展示了你该如何使用mod_jk连接器配置和安装Apache2以及Tomcat7。
via: http://www.unixmen.com/integrate-apache2-tomcat-7-using-mod_jk-connector/
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