CentOS 6.4安装 Python2.7.10

系统环境：

[root@linuxidc ~]# cat /etc/RedHat-release

CentOS release 6.4 (Final)

[root@linuxidc ~]# uname -a

Linux linuxidc.test.com 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Feb 22 00:31:26 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

需求：安装python环境

软件包的下载地址：https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.10/Python-2.7.10.tgz

一、具体安装：

tar zxf Python-2.7.10.tgz

cd Python-2.7.10

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python

make && make install

二、启动python2.7:

[root@linuxidc2 ~]# /usr/local/python/bin/python2.7

Python 2.7.10 (default, Jul 10 2015, 03:54:03)

[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-11)] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "/root/.pythonstartup", line 2, in <module>

    import readline

ImportError: No module named readline

排查思路：从上述报错可知：ImportError: No module named readline，缺少readline模块

解决方法：安装readline-6.2.4.1.tar.gz

下载地址：https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/r/readline/readline-6.2.4.1.tar.gz#md5=578237939c81fdbc2c8334d168b17907

安装readline

[root@linuxidc2 ~]# tar zxf readline-6.2.4.1.tar.gz -C /usr/src/

[root@linuxidc2 ~]# cd /usr/src/readline-6.2.4.1/

[root@linuxidc2 readline-6.2.4.1]# python setup.py build

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "setup.py", line 8, in <module>

    from setuptools import setup, Extension

ImportError: No module named setuptools

从上述报错信息可知：ImportError: No module named setuptools，缺少setuptools模块

解决方法：安装setuptools

下载地址：http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz

[root@linuxidc2 ~]# tar zxf setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz -C /usr/src/

[root@linuxidc2 ~]# cd /usr/src/setuptools-0.6c11/

[root@linuxidc2 setuptools-0.6c11]# python setup.py build

[root@linuxidc2 setuptools-0.6c11]# python setup.py  install

setuptools安装完成后，进入到readline相关的目录下，执行如下操作：

[root@linuxidc2 readline-6.2.4.1]# python setup.py build

再次readline报错内容如下：

./build.sh: line 41: patch: command not found

============ Building the readline extension module ============

running build

running build_ext

building 'readline' extension

creating build

creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6

creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/Modules

creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/Modules/2.x

gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -DHAVE_RL_CALLBACK -DHAVE_RL_CATCH_SIGNAL -DHAVE_RL_COMPLETION_APPEND_CHARACTER -DHAVE_RL_COMPLETION_DISPLAY_MATCHES_HOOK -DHAVE_RL_COMPLETION_MATCHES -DHAVE_RL_COMPLETION_SUPPRESS_APPEND -DHAVE_RL_PRE_INPUT_HOOK -I. -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c Modules/2.x/readline.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/Modules/2.x/readline.o -Wno-strict-prototypes

Modules/2.x/readline.c:8:20: error: Python.h: No such file or directory

In file included from ./readline/readline.h:36,

                from Modules/2.x/readline.c:31:

./readline/rltypedefs.h:64: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token

In file included from Modules/2.x/readline.c:31:

./readline/readline.h:419: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token

./readline/readline.h:542: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

./readline/readline.h:543: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

./readline/readline.h:565: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

./readline/readline.h:867: error: expected specifier-qualifier-list before ‘FILE’

Modules/2.x/readline.c:74: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:92: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:98: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:111: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:118: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:132: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:139: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:154: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:161: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:172: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:180: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:187: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:194: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:225: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:226: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:229: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:232: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:253: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:259: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:266: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:276: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:283: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:294: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:296: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:297: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:301: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:308: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:314: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:322: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:328: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:336: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:342: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:356: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c: In function ‘_py_free_history_entry’:

Modules/2.x/readline.c:372: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘free’

Modules/2.x/readline.c:372: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘free’

Modules/2.x/readline.c: At top level:

Modules/2.x/readline.c:391: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:417: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:420: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:449: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:454: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:467: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:473: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:480: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:486: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:493: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:500: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:511: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c: In function ‘_py_get_history_length’:

Modules/2.x/readline.c:530: warning: incompatible implicit declaration of built-in function ‘free’

Modules/2.x/readline.c: At top level:

Modules/2.x/readline.c:536: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:573: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:579: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:586: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:592: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:599: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:607: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:615: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:622: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:633: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:639: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:647: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:654: error: array type has incomplete element type

Modules/2.x/readline.c:656: error: ‘parse_and_bind’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:656: error: ‘METH_VARARGS’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:656: error: ‘doc_parse_and_bind’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:657: error: ‘get_line_buffer’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:657: error: ‘METH_NOARGS’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:657: error: ‘doc_get_line_buffer’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:658: error: ‘insert_text’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:658: error: ‘doc_insert_text’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:659: error: ‘redisplay’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:659: error: ‘doc_redisplay’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:660: error: ‘read_init_file’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:660: error: ‘doc_read_init_file’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:661: error: ‘read_history_file’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:662: error: ‘doc_read_history_file’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:663: error: ‘write_history_file’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:664: error: ‘doc_write_history_file’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:665: error: ‘get_history_item’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:666: error: ‘doc_get_history_item’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:667: error: ‘PyCFunction’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:667: error: expected ‘}’ before ‘get_current_history_length’

Modules/2.x/readline.c:669: error: ‘set_history_length’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:670: error: ‘set_history_length_doc’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:671: error: ‘get_history_length’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:672: error: ‘get_history_length_doc’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:673: error: ‘set_completer’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:673: error: ‘doc_set_completer’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:674: error: ‘get_completer’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:674: error: ‘doc_get_completer’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:675: error: ‘get_completion_type’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:676: error: ‘doc_get_completion_type’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:677: error: ‘get_begidx’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:677: error: ‘doc_get_begidx’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:678: error: ‘get_endidx’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:678: error: ‘doc_get_endidx’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:680: error: ‘set_completer_delims’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:681: error: ‘doc_set_completer_delims’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:682: error: ‘py_add_history’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:682: error: ‘doc_add_history’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:683: error: ‘py_remove_history’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:683: error: ‘doc_remove_history’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:684: error: ‘py_replace_history’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:684: error: ‘doc_replace_history’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:685: error: ‘get_completer_delims’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:686: error: ‘doc_get_completer_delims’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:688: error: ‘set_completion_display_matches_hook’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:689: error: ‘doc_set_completion_display_matches_hook’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:690: error: ‘set_startup_hook’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:691: error: ‘doc_set_startup_hook’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:693: error: ‘set_pre_input_hook’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:694: error: ‘doc_set_pre_input_hook’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:697: error: ‘py_clear_history’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:697: error: ‘doc_clear_history’ undeclared here (not in a function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:706: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c: In function ‘on_startup_hook’:

Modules/2.x/readline.c:741: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘on_hook’

Modules/2.x/readline.c:741: error: ‘startup_hook’ undeclared (first use in this function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:741: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once

Modules/2.x/readline.c:741: error: for each function it appears in.)

Modules/2.x/readline.c: In function ‘on_pre_input_hook’:

Modules/2.x/readline.c:748: error: ‘pre_input_hook’ undeclared (first use in this function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c: In function ‘on_completion_display_matches_hook’:

Modules/2.x/readline.c:760: error: ‘PyObject’ undeclared (first use in this function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:760: error: ‘m’ undeclared (first use in this function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:760: error: ‘s’ undeclared (first use in this function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:760: warning: left-hand operand of comma expression has no effect

Modules/2.x/readline.c:760: error: ‘r’ undeclared (first use in this function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:760: warning: left-hand operand of comma expression has no effect

Modules/2.x/readline.c:764: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyList_New’

Modules/2.x/readline.c:768: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyString_FromString’

Modules/2.x/readline.c:771: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyList_SetItem’

Modules/2.x/readline.c:775: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyObject_CallFunction’

Modules/2.x/readline.c:775: error: ‘completion_display_matches_hook’ undeclared (first use in this function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:778: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘Py_DECREF’

Modules/2.x/readline.c:781: error: ‘Py_None’ undeclared (first use in this function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:781: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyInt_AsLong’

Modules/2.x/readline.c:781: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyErr_Occurred’

Modules/2.x/readline.c:784: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘Py_XDECREF’

Modules/2.x/readline.c:788: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyErr_Clear’

Modules/2.x/readline.c: In function ‘on_completion’:

Modules/2.x/readline.c:804: error: ‘completer’ undeclared (first use in this function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:805: error: ‘PyObject’ undeclared (first use in this function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:805: error: ‘r’ undeclared (first use in this function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:813: error: ‘Py_None’ undeclared (first use in this function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:817: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyString_AsString’

Modules/2.x/readline.c: In function ‘flex_complete’:

Modules/2.x/readline.c:849: error: ‘begidx’ undeclared (first use in this function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:850: error: ‘endidx’ undeclared (first use in this function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:851: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyInt_FromLong’

Modules/2.x/readline.c: In function ‘setup_readline’:

Modules/2.x/readline.c:900: error: ‘begidx’ undeclared (first use in this function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:901: error: ‘endidx’ undeclared (first use in this function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c: In function ‘readline_until_enter_or_signal’:

Modules/2.x/readline.c:1009: error: ‘PyOS_sighandler_t’ undeclared (first use in this function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:1009: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘old_inthandler’

Modules/2.x/readline.c:1014: error: ‘old_inthandler’ undeclared (first use in this function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c:1014: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘PyOS_setsig’

Modules/2.x/readline.c:1024: error: ‘PyOS_InputHook’ undeclared (first use in this function)

Modules/2.x/readline.c: At top level:

Modules/2.x/readline.c:1034: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token

Modules/2.x/readline.c:1111: error: expected ‘)’ before string constant

Modules/2.x/readline.c:1119: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘initreadline’

error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

解决方法：yum -y  install gcc python-devel

根据实际情况来看，是否需要安装其他的软件包：zlib-devel openssl-devel libffi-devel (我的机器安装上，后来又移除了，python环境运行正常)

再次执行python setup.py build，报错内容如下：

============ Building the readline extension module ============

running build

running build_ext

building 'readline' extension

gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -DHAVE_RL_CALLBACK -DHAVE_RL_CATCH_SIGNAL -DHAVE_RL_COMPLETION_APPEND_CHARACTER -DHAVE_RL_COMPLETION_DISPLAY_MATCHES_HOOK -DHAVE_RL_COMPLETION_MATCHES -DHAVE_RL_COMPLETION_SUPPRESS_APPEND -DHAVE_RL_PRE_INPUT_HOOK -I. -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c Modules/2.x/readline.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/Modules/2.x/readline.o -Wno-strict-prototypes

gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/Modules/2.x/readline.o readline/libreadline.a readline/libhistory.a -L/usr/lib64 -lncurses -lpython2.6 -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/readline.so

gcc: readline/libreadline.a：没有那个文件或目录

gcc: readline/libhistory.a：没有那个文件或目录

解决方法：

yum -y install patch

python setup.py build

python setup.py install

至此readline总算是编译安装成功，如果此时执行/usr/local/python/bin/python2.7直接启动python，依然看到和首次启动python一样的错误，此时，别着急，重新编译安装python后再启动即可正常使用。

[root@linuxidc Python-2.7.10]# /usr/local/python/bin/python2.7

Python 2.7.10 (default, Jul 10 2015, 15:41:26)

[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-11)] on linux2

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

>>>

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